The Role of Nelson Mandela in Ending Apartheid in South...

Nelson Mandela’s role in bringing Apartheid to an end was very important, however, there were many other factors that contributed to the ending of Apartheid. The African National Congress, also known as the ANC, was a major factor in ending Apartheid. Even when the ANC became illegal in South Africa it moved to continue its work against Apartheid. In 1940 Dr. A. B. Xuma became president of the ANC; he rescued a struggling organisation. In 1944 he reorganised it, out its finances onto a secure footing and attracted some able, young, new members who formed the ANC’s Youth League. These new members consisted of of Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo who all greatly helped bring†¦show more content†¦In 1993 he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela even though he was white. Walter Sisulu was the leader of the ANC. He was imprisoned for life in 1964. He was freed in 1989 and became the ANC deputy president in 1991. Oliver Tambo served as president of the ANC from 1960 to 1991. He helped build international opposition to Apartheid. Steve Biko was a leader of the Black Consciousness Movement in the 1970s . As a student he believed white-dominated political groups could never win against Apartheid. He contributed to bringing Apartheid to an end by making young black people believe they were important. Mass protests also helped bring Apartheid to an end; the examples are the Sharpville massacre (in 1960) and the Soweto (in 1978). Sharpville was a very important turning point in the fight against Apartheid. In 1960 the PAC organised a protest against the pass laws at Sharpville. Some 5000 unarmed protesters gathered. Stone throwing led to shooting. At the end of the day 69 Africans were dead and 178 wounded. Obviously this massacre caused devastation, upset and anger. The ANC called for a national day of mourning. The ANC and PAC were banned by the government, Mandela was imprisoned along with 2000 other anti-apartheid activists and Oliver Tambo fled abroad to set up ANC offices in safety. Soweto was also important because of the worldwide press coverage itShow MoreRelatedHow Far Has the Importance of Nelson Mandela in the Ending of Apartheid Been Exaggerated?1748 Words   |  7 PagesHow far has the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid been exaggerate d? It can be argued that the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid has been greatly exaggerated. Apartheid ended due to a combination of long term and short term events. The ANC represented the main opposition of apartheid while protests and rebellions caught the attention of the world, international sanctions put pressure on the south African government and something had to be done before theirRead MoreNelson Mandela is a Worldwide Influence973 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela once said, â€Å"There is no passion to be found playing small - in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.† His life is a prime example of how passionately he believes these words. Even though he had to undergo many hardships, such as spending twenty-seven years in prison and battling tuberculosis, he never stopped striving to make a large impact on not only South Africa, but the world as well (Schoemaker). Nelson Mandela is a major worldwide influenc eRead MoreEssay On Nelson Mandela1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdata The Honourable Nelson Mandela transitioned from being a criminal to a white racist government to becoming the president to that same government and being a great influence on the lives of South African. He was a man of great patience and generosity therefore, he was capable of ending the Apartheid period. Born on July 18, 1918, into a small tribe of Thembu. He was a civil rights leader, who fought against apartheid, or racial discrimination against blacks, in South Africa. His name was RolihlahlaRead MoreConflict And Compromise : Nelson Mandela1512 Words   |  7 PagesHistory I 31 October 2017 Conflict and Compromise: Nelson Mandela Through four decades of resolute struggle, Nelson Mandela embodied the bold and the willing in the South Africans’ fight against racism and inequality, meeting both conflict and compromise with a power-hungry and largely unwilling government in his fight for the freedom of the nation’s majority. â€Å"For the many blacks who have begun to call themselves African Americans, [Mandela] is the flesh-and-blood exemplar of what an AfricanRead MoreLeadership and Nelson Mandela Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesNelson Mandela seems to be like a replica of the American political leader Martin Luther King who fought for the end of racial segregation. As quoted by Mandela, â€Å"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.† He was a transformational leader who uncompromising for rights he fought for in his country South Africa. I believe thatRead MoreBiography of Nelson Mandela 1355 Words   |  6 Pageslive in a way that responds and enhances the freedom of others† says Nelson Mandela. (cite) Mandela lived by these words and showed it in many ways. Nelson Mandela changed the world by ending apartheid, positively influencing others, and creating and supporting multiple charities. (add more information) Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, which is now known as Nelson Mandela day. By being the son of a tribal councilor, Mandela mastered the art of listening; this helped him become a successful leaderRead MoreWhat Was The Impact Of Nelson Mandela996 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela was the leader of the African National Congress (ANC for short) Youth League and the main protestor for black rights within South Africa. He later went on to create the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), MK for short, in December 1961. Mandela was later imprisoned in 1963 and remained there for twenty-seven years, being released in 1990. Four years later, Mandela became Prime Minister of South Africa, from 1994 until 1999. Before Mandela was Prime Minister, F.W. de Klerk wasRead MoreThe Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela In 1948, the Apartheid system officially started. A Dr. Malan introduced it. He established the structure of Apartheid because he exclaimed different races could not live amongst each other in harmony and needed to live separately. Some might argue it was because he wanted to secure the supposed superiority of the White minority. It ended within 50 year of starting. This essay is going to explain how Nelson Mandela, onceRead MoreLeaders for Social and Political Change1007 Words   |  5 Pagesyouth. Nelson Mandela and Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. are two leaders that have greatly impacted not only their country, but the world. Both of these leaders had a significant impact on the people of their cause, both in a political aspect as well as for social change. In 1948, The White Nationalist Party empowered South Africa, instituting apartheid in an attempt to ensure white domination, control over the economy and its social systems. There were three racial categories for South Africa;Read More The Role of Nelson Mandela and President De Klerk in Bringing about the End of Apartheid in South Africa2222 Words   |  9 Pages Apartheid, means separateness, this was a social system enforced by white minority governments in twentieth-century upon those of ethnic minorities in South Africa. Under apartheid, the black majority was segregated, and was denied political and economic rights equal to those of whites, this had become a distressing daily routine for the Africans. Therefore in 1991 when De Klerk announced the end of Apartheid, this was a momentous moment for the whole of South Africa

Classification of Computer Users - 1170 Words

Steven Cespedes Egan College Writing January 9th, 2012 Classification of Computer Users The sound of the keyboard typing away and the clicking of the mouse throughout the night has become a normal occurrence in every American household. Staying up until two or three in the morning browsing the web has become a characteristic of many computer users today. Since the personal computer has been invented life, work, and pleasure have changed drastically. With the creation of the internet, the possibilities with computers are all but endless. People now have the ability to communicate with others from all over the world. With both of these technologies working together, computers have become a necessity for homes and businesses†¦show more content†¦These are the people who leave their computers on all day and throughout the night downloading music, movies, and anything else that is available. Torrents are very popular due to the ease of access to the mass amounts of data made accessible to anyone with internet access. The legality of these acts is questionable, but torrent sites somehow manage to get around copyright infringements. Downloaders are constantly working under the radar to get their hands on the newest software for no charge. Downloaders are usually interested in computers with lots of hard drive space to store their data on. [pic] The workers are the people who use their computer for no other purpose than making money. These are the people who are constantly checking if a client has emailed them back, or making corrections to tomorrow s sales report. Workers usually prefer to use laptop computers for the ease of transporting their data from home to work. Many workers may actually own two computers, one for business and one for pleasure. They usually have the newest and fastest computers, since they can afford them. These people have no problem sitting in a chair typing for eight hours a day if they are paid well to do so. Workers may be the most proficient with a computer due to the fact that they are professionals. [pic] The Social Networkers are the people who spend most of their time socializing over the internet. These are the people who spend may spendShow MoreRelatedClassification Essay: Computer Users1146 Words   |  5 PagesWe all have at least one person in our life that is crazy about computers†¦ the sound of the keyboard typing away throughout all hours of the night. With the advanced technology society has brought us, it is a normal occurrence in your typical household. Since the computer has become so accessible to mostly everyone, life has become much easier for humans. What would we do without the Internet? You can find information on any topic you choose, from the click of a button or two, right at your fingertipsRead MoreClassification Of Streaming Big Data Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesCLASSIFICATION OF STREAMING BIG DATA Aditya Kshirsagar=1, Chaitrali Kardile=2, Durgarani Vyavhare=3 ,Tushar Kharmate=4 1Student, Computer Engineering Department, S.I.T. Lonavala, India 2Student, Computer Engineering Department, S.I.T. Lonavala, India 3Student, Computer Engineering Department, S.I.T. Lonavala, India 4Student, Computer Engineering Department, S.I.T. Lonavala, India 1kshirsagar.aditya43@gmail.com 2kardilechaitrali224@gmail.com 3durga.vyavhare@gmail.com 4tusharkharmate3@gmail.comRead MoreClassification of Computers1029 Words   |  5 PagesClassifications of Computers According to the U.S. Census Forty-four million households, or 42 percent, had at least one member who used the Internet at home in 2000 (Home Computers 2). Today, no doubt, even more family members in the United States use computers. Most people are aware of the desktop computers which can be found in the home and in the workplace. What are the different types of computers and what are their purposes? Computers can be classified into three different categoriesRead MoreComputers And Its Impact On The Workplace927 Words   |  4 Pageseven more family members in the United States use computers. Most people are aware of the desktop computers which can be found in the home and in the workplace. What are the different types of computers and what are their purposes? Computers can be classified into three different categories of home computers, portable computers, and business computers including workstations and super computers. First, what is a computer? While the term computer can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessorRead MoreComputer Mediated Communication Theory Is Defined As A Type Of Human Communication1548 Words   |  7 PagesComputer-mediated communication theory is defined as a type of human communication that occurs through the use of two or more electronic devices. Human-computer interaction involves the study, planning, design, and uses of communication between people and computers. The computer serves as the network for the communication between the two individuals. There is a source of information that is sent by the sender through the network, also known as the source of noise, to the receiver to reach its destinationRead MoreSecurity and Graded Assignment Requirements1285 Words   |  6 PagesViolation of a security policy by a user c ________ 2. Disgruntled employee sabotage i ________ 3. Download of non-business videos using the a ________ Internet to an employer-owned computer 4. Malware infection of a user’s laptop l ________ 5. Unauthorized physical access to the LAN n ________ 6. LAN server operating system vulnerabilities f ________ 7. Download of unknown file types from unknown sources by local users b ________ 8. Errors and weaknessesRead MoreAccess Control Policy1679 Words   |  7 PagesDue in Week Seven: Outline the Access Control Policy. Describe how access control methodologies work to secure information systems Access control is used to restrict operations, which authorized users can perform. Access control does exactly what it says, it controls what access an authorized user can have. A reference monitor is used for access control and follows instructions from an authorization database. These authorizations are controlled and administered by a security administrator whoRead MoreIs4550 Week 5 Lab1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthen identify that as a gap. Insert your recommendation for an IT security policy that can eliminate the gap. Risk – Threat – Vulnerability | IT Security Policy Definition | Unauthorized access from pubic Internet | Acceptable use policy | User destroys data in application and deletes all files | Backup Recovery Policy | Hacker penetrates your IT infrastructure and gains access to your internal network | Threat Assessment amp; Management Policy | Intra-office employee romance goneRead MoreNt1310 Unit 1 Assignment 11060 Words   |  5 PagesAccess VPN: This is a user-to-network connection for the home, or from a mobile user wishing to connect to a corporate private network from a remote location. This kind of VPN permits secure, encrypted connections between a corporate private network and remote users. The Remote Access VPN is the one we will be using in this exercise. Needs and Desires of Customers and Club Members Essentially, the goal of remote access technology is to create a seamless work environment for H1’s users no matter where theyRead MoreComputer Codes In The Healthcare Management Information System854 Words   |  4 Pages When it comes to remote coding, a health care employee uses their computer skill set to code medical records accurately. These employees must have the requirements of a computer degree to manage the records efficiently in the field of healthcare. This must be used by applying the knowledge of working with computer applications and package inherent with the healthcare management information system. With the information provided, the remote coders must apply the appropriate codes and submit them

Spf and Sunscreen Free Essays

What do the SPF Numbers on Sunscreen mean? What is the SPF number on the sun screens? The higher the number, the better, right? Before you head out in the sun this summer, you should know a few things about SPF. What is it, exactly? What do the numbers mean, and how high can they go? We use sunscreen to block ultraviolet light from damaging the skin. There are two categories of UV light. We will write a custom essay sample on Spf and Sunscreen or any similar topic only for you Order Now The UVA- has more long-term damaging effects on the skin, like premature aging. UVB –causes sunburns. SPF or sun protection factor, numbers were introduced in 1962 to measure a sunscreen’s effect against UVB rays. To determine a sunscreen’s SPF, testers round up 20 sun-sensitive people and measure the amount of UV rays it takes them to burn without sunscreen. Then they redo the test with sunscreen. The â€Å"with sunscreen† number is divided by the â€Å"without sunscreen† number, and the result is rounded down to the nearest five. This is the SPF. SPF numbers start at 2 and have just recently reached 70. To figure out how long you can stay in the sun with a given SPF, use this equation: Minutes to burn without sunscreen x SPF number = maximum sun exposure time For example, if you burn after 10 minutes of sun exposure, an SPF of 15 will allow you to be in the sun for up to 150 minutes without burning. You should know that this equation is not always accurate. People usually use far less sunscreen than the amount used in testing. In the real world, the average sun worshipper uses half the amount of sunscreen used in the laboratory, which could result in a sunburn in half the time. My mom and her family grew up around a swimming pool. They spend all day by the pool when we go out of town. My grandparents have to get cancer removed every year. It is true, a higher SPF number means more sun-exposure time. It also indicates the level of UVB absorption, but this number doesn’t increase exponentially, which can be confusing. For example, an SPF of 15 absorbs 93. 3 percent of UVB rays, but an SPF of 30 absorbs 96. 7 percent. The SPF number has doubled, but the absorption rate has increased by only 3. 4 percent. Because of the confusion about UVB absorption, the FDA proposed a cap on SPF numbers. Any sunscreen higher than 30 SPF would be a â€Å"30-plus. Thirty was the decided cap because above that, the percentage of UVB absorbed and overall protection of the skin increases only slightly, but people may misinterpret these higher SPF numbers as a much higher level of protection or even a guarantee of all-day protection. SPF| % UV absorbed | 2| 50 | 4 | 70 | 8 | 87. 5 | 15 | 93. 3 | 30 | 96. 7 | 50 | 98 | As helpf ul as the FDA was trying to be, the cap is clearly not in practice: Neutrogena and Hawaiian Tropic recently released sunscreens boasting an SPF of 70. We have sunscreens ranging from 15 SPF to 70 SPF in our cupboard at home. There are several factors that allow all of us to get a sunburn even if we have sunscreen on. First, we don’t use enough. Second, despite waterproof or sweatproof labels, all sunscreens decrease in effectiveness when exposed to water or sweat. If you don’t apply the correct amount and then reapply after exposure to water, a 12-hour bake in the sun could give you a serious sunburn. The bottom line is that a sunscreen with a higher SPF does offer higher protection against UVB rays, but once you get past SPF 30, protection doesn’t increase very much, and the higher number may give you a false sense of protection. Instead of letting SPF be your only guide to sun protection, avoid a burn by following a few simple sunscreen rules. 1. Know yourself: If you are whiter than a sheet of paper, if your Aunt Linda has skin cancer, or if you are sensitive to the sun because of a medication or a medical condition, take extra measures. Stay out of the sun as much as possible, wear a hat when you are out, use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF and reapply that sunscreen often. Don’t put a lot of sun screen on and lay out by the pool. 2. Look for â€Å"Broad-spectrum† label: The SPF number indicates protection only against UVB rays — many sunscreens, even those with a high SPF, allow UVA rays to be absorbed by the skin. UVA protection is usually indicated by a â€Å"broad-spectrum† label. Look for this label to ensure the most well-rounded sun coverage. Broad-spectrum sunscreen ensures protection from both UVA and UVB rays. The latest sunscreens boast new chemicals, like Mexoryl, which has proven to be one of the most effective UVA-blockers out there. 3. Be prepared- be proactive in planning: To be effective, sunscreen eeds to be fully absorbed into the skin, so apply it 15 to 30 minutes before you even step into the sun. Make sure your whole family has taken the time to put sunscreen on. Then get ready for your time outdoors. 4. Reapply yourself: Whether you’re lying by the pool or mowing the lawn, you’ll probably be exposed to sweat or water, the natural enemies of sunscreen. To b e safe, reapply after you swim or sweat. If you are going to a friends home or to the park, take a bottle with you. My mom keeps a bottle in each of our golf bags. It takes almost 3 hours to play 9 holes in the junior league and it is extremely hot. 5. Full exposure: No matter how high the SPF, sunscreen can protect only the skin it covers. The most commonly missed spots are the temples, ears, back of the neck and top of the feet. If you are sometimes guilty of losing your focus while applying your lotion, try one of the sunscreens that contains disappearing colorants, so you can identify unlotioned areas before they burn to a crisp. Our generation needs to learn from our parents and grandparents. My grandma and grandpa Cox are always having skin cancer frozen or burned. My grandma has had a small part of her nose removed from malignant skin cancer. My mom grew up with a pool in her backyard her whole life. She spent so many years laying out in the sun with no sunscreen on. She also spent a year at BYU Hawaii so she could be in the sun. Our family is good about putting sunscreen on but we can all be better. I have learned so much about protecting my skin. This summer I am going to make a goal to wear sunscreen at the beginning of the day and have a bottle with me. How to cite Spf and Sunscreen, Essay examples

Networking in Client Server Environment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Networking in Client Server Environment. Answer: Introduction: The study describes the various aspects of redundancy in client/server environment in terms of the services such as DHCP, DNS and DOMAIN. In general, the redundancy can be referred to as the duplication of data or hardware or telecommunication links (Shi et al., 2016). In terms of network, the redundancy can be referred to the process of providing redundant channels that can carry out the communication process if any failure causes in the network. DHCP is the acronym of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP is a network protocol that allows the server to assign IP automatically (Jeong et al., 2017). The network administrators have to integrate DHCP with DNS in order to make the client/server environment more efficient. The client/server network refers to the network that holds a computer or device that controls all the other devices or clients. In this case, the server computer share the resources among its client computer or devices (Kiesel et al., 2014). Windows provide both kind of operating systems for building a client/server environment network. Windows 7, 8 and 10 are installed in the client computers. Server operating system such as Windows server 2012 is installed in the server computer. These computers are connected through cable or routers. Within the study the client/server network and its connection with the redundancy has been provided broadly. In addition to that, the integrating DNS, DHCP and Domain in windows network has been described. The importance of the selected topic is very high. It is because, the client/server network is most used network in IT. Client/Server Network and Redundancy: In a client/server environment, every PC still holds its records and assets. Different PCs can likewise get to the assets put away in a PC, such as in a shared environment. One of the individualities of a client/server network is that the assets and records are brought together (Jeong et al., 2014). This implies a PC, the server, can hold those resources and different PCs can access those resources. Since the server is dependably ON, the client machines can get to the assets and documents without minding whether a specific PC is ON. One of the outcomes of a client/server system is that, if the server is dead, its assets and in some cases the majority of the resources on the system are not accessible. In realty, one approach to set up a client/server network is to attain more than one server (Comer, 2015). For this environment, every server can assume an alternate part. Another massive preferred standpoint of a client/server network is that security is overseen, made, and can be authorized. To access the network, a person also called a client must provide a few qualifications. Taken as an example, the qualification can be secret password and username (Jan et al., 2016). If the certifications are not substantial, the client is kept from getting to the system. Redundancy in Client/Server Network: There are two primary drivers behind the over built or under built client/server network redundancy design. The first reason behind the design results is the increase of redundancy for improving client/server network efficiency. Rather than an essential path and single reinforcement way, the network flow will have more than one reinforcement path. The issue this makes is the extra execution, plan, and operation associated various-elevation quality. With various backup paths, it is hard to figure out which path ought to be utilized when the essential path falls. Investigating turns out to be significantly additionally difficult when bundle streams move to various ways (Yu et al., 2017). Firewalls are needed to be added to various ways and it turns out to be similarly hard to ensure that every one of the ways have a similar security usage. Another issue environment is that with different backup paths, these ways are regularly likewise conveying operational information, so when a disappointment happens, other operational ways might be contrarily influenced by the expansion of the activity that is presently utilizing the path. The principle interchanges path in this system was from each spoke site to the center point site. The backup paths were by means of one of the two neighbors (Jan et al., 2016). The issue was that the neighbor's essential path was not estimated to deal with the heap of its spoke site and the heap of a partner's site. The essential path was working in unidirectional mode, where parcels were not going over the essential path to the center point site. Rather, bundles were setting off to the neighbor at the base and afterward into the center point, affecting the operation of clients at the neighboring site and site that had the first issue. The optional issue that existed here is that the system engineers did not know where their bundles would go when a failure happens and how to investigate it. If two locales have issues, they could seriously affect a few different destinations, bringing about a system that appears to have numerous a greater number of issues than really exists. The path to great system configuration is to plan particular redundancy, know where the disappointment ways will be and ensure that both ways have a similar execution and security usage (Yu et al., 2017). Simplicity of investigating and observing are basic to an effective outline. In the case over, the client did not realize that the substitute ways were being utilized. Importance of Redundancy in Client/Server Environment: In terms of industrial client/sever, the organizations make use of redundancy as the insurance policy. It acts as fast responding backup framework. The network redundancy is capable of mitigating the challenges and risk regarding unplanned outages. In addition to that, it is capable of making sure that the communication operation remains unaffected of the effect of failure occurred in any place of the network. The advantages of the DHCP Redundancy are as following. Muti-site: DHCP failover bolsters an arrangement engineering that incorporates numerous destinations. DHCP failover accomplice servers don't should be situated at the same physical site (Peralta et al., 2014). Seamless: DHCP servers share rent data, enabling one server to accept accountability for adjusting of clients if the other server is inaccessible. DHCP clients can keep a similar IP address when a rent is restored, regardless of the possibility that the rent is issued by an alternate DHCP server. Simple: A wizard is given to make DHCP failover connections between DHCP servers. The wizard consequently duplicates degrees and settings from the essential server to the failover accomplice (Banerjee et al., 2016). Scalable: DHCP failover can be arranged to give redundancy in hot standby mode, or with load adjusting mode, client solicitations can be appropriated between two DHCP servers. Windows Client Server Network: Windows Server 2012 Essentials (once in the past Windows Small Business Server Essentials) is an adaptable, moderate, and simple to-utilize server arrangement outlined and estimated for private companies with up to 25 clients and 50 gadgets that helps them lessen costs and be more gainful. Windows Server 2012 Essentials is a perfect first server, and it can likewise be utilized as the essential server in a multi-server condition for independent companies (Li et al., 2014). Windows Server 2012 Essentials empowers independent ventures to ensure, concentrate, sort out and get to their applications and data from anyplace utilizing for all intents and purposes any gadget. Windows 7 is based on the Vista part. To many end clients the greatest changes amongst Vista and Windows 7 are speedier boot times, new UIs and the expansion of Internet Explorer 8. The OS is broadly accessible in three retail releases: Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional and Ultimate. Starter, OEM and Enterprise versions are accessible in a few markets. These two operating systems are the base of the most of the Windows Client/Server network. DNS, DHCP and DOMAIN Redundancy: DNS Redundancy: DNS redundancy is a safeguard arrangement or a reinforcement component for DNS failures. Failures coming about because of setup blunders, framework disappointment, or a DDoS attack (Flavel, Mani Maltz, 2014). A solitary devoted DNS server may not be adequate in such environments; sending numerous DNS suppliers in various systems guarantees DNS accessibility, while chopping down the danger of DNS inaccessibility. Keeping up repetitive DNS servers may not be the most financially savvy alternative for most endeavors, yet it is a standout amongst the best approaches to manage DNS accessibility and alleviate the results of DDoS attacks. DHCP Redundancy through DHCP Failover: DHCP failover gives redundancy and load adjusting to DHCP administrations, empowering managers to convey an exceptionally versatile DHCP benefit. With DHCP failover, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) scopes with related leases, reservations, alternatives, and settings, are shared by two Windows DHCP servers. DHCP failover bolsters vast scale DHCP arrangements without the difficulties of split extension and grouped DHCP (Wan, Abdou Oorschot, 2017). DOMAIN Redundancy: For Active Directory to work as proposed, legitimate design of DNS is fundamental. Illegally designed DNS can bring about an assortment of issues, including logon disappointments, Group Policy preparing issues, and replication issues. The accompanying rundown of best practices is not comprehensive but rather will help guarantee legitimate name determination inside an Active Directory area. In a bigger environment, no less than two space controllers at each physical site ought to be DNS servers (Hu Striegel, 2016). This gives excess if one DC goes disconnected out of the blue. Take note of that area joined machines must be arranged to utilize numerous DNS servers keeping in mind the end goal to exploit this. Achieving DNS and DHCP Redundancy in Windows Client / Server Network: In a traditional DNS architecture, there is typically a single DNS supplier assigning an arrangement of nameservers for the area. The nameserver is picked aimlessly by every approaching DNS ask for; if all the nameservers are over-burden with a larger number of solicitations than it can serve, then this makes dormancy in the DNS organize making the determination procedure drowsy and, inevitably, the DNS server is rendered inaccessible for generally clients. There are more nameservers reacting to the DNS questions. Moreover, the nameservers are appropriated between independent DNS systems decreasing the danger of failures and expanding dependability of the DNS supplier (Li et al., 2015). The essential DNS server proactively refreshes the zone information in the optional server as required, and both the essential and the auxiliary servers will react to approaching DNS inquiries. This setup will just work if the essential DNS supplier underpins zone exchange. The detriment of an essenti al optional DNS setup is that it does not bolster progressed DNS usefulness, for example, stack adjusting and activity guiding (Banerjee et al., 2016). If the essential server endures a failure, then administrators will not have the capacity to control or refresh DNS records so this may not be the perfect answer for extensive endeavors that get a considerable measure of activity. The DNS and DHCP Redundancy can be achieved through the DHCP failover. DHCP failover can be considered as the method that configures two DHCP or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol servers with the purpose of managing the same address pool. It is done for sharing the load of assigning leases among the servers regarding that particular pool. In addition to that, the other purpose is providing backup regarding each other in terms of network outages. The following steps have to be followed for achieving DHCP redundancy in Windows Operating System through the DHCP Failover (Tulloch, 2014). Conclusion: From the above study, it can be concluded that the DNS, DHCP and Domain are essential for every network. The Domain Name Server is the path of networks to store the directory of domain names. The process of translating the domain names into Internet Protocols serves as the basic part of the networking. Without this process, the network will not run. In case of various other technological domains such as database, information flow and many more, the redundancy is considered as the negative effect. However, the network engineers extensive use the redundancy for increasing the affectivity of the network and make it more tolerable to the faults. The network designers mainly use the redundancy in the client/server network for improving the availability. The industries are working on the client/server models for making the downtime zero percent. On the basic stage, this benefit can be achieved through the scalable redundancy. Hopefully, the scalable redundancy is already available that are achieved through DNS and DHCP redundancy. The study clearly stated the various theoretical perspective of client/server network environment and its connection with the Domain Name Server and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. The study, however, lacks in defining the technical aspects of the DNS and DHCP. In addition to that the information of Domain is very less. The study only concentrated on providing the information of achieving redundancy in Windows Server Operating System though various organizations make use of Linux based systems. Reference List: Banerjee, S., Kirkby, C. A., Schmutter, D., Bissett, A., Kirkegaard, J. A., Richardson, A. E. (2016). Network analysis reveals functional redundancy and keystone taxa amongst bacterial and fungal communities during organic matter decomposition in an arable soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,97, 188-198. Comer, D. E. (2015).Computer networks and internets. Pearson. Flavel, A., Mani, P., Maltz, D. A. (2014). Re-evaluating the responsiveness of dns-based network control. InLocal Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN), 2014 IEEE 20th International Workshop on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Hu, X., Striegel, A. (2016). Redundancy Elimination Might Be Overrated: A Quantitative Study on Real-World Wireless Traffic.arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.04021. Jan, M., Nanda, P., Usman, M., He, X. (2016). PAWN: a payload?based mutual authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks.Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. Jeong, E., Woo, S., Jamshed, M. A., Jeong, H., Ihm, S., Han, D., Park, K. (2014). mTCP: a Highly Scalable User-level TCP Stack for Multicore Systems. InNSDI(pp. 489-502). 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