Organization Impact Essay

In this paper I will discuss my results of the Myers Briggs test and the CREAX creativity self assessment exercise, both were taken online and both were about 50 questions long. They pertained to subjects such as extravert, intuitive, feeling, judging, persistence, abstraction, connection, complexity, paradox, boldness, curiosity and perspective. On the Myers Brigg test my extravert was 11%, my intuitive was 12%, my feeling was 50% and my judging was 11%. I have slight preference of extraversion over introversion, which does not surprise me at all as I have always been outgoing in most situations, the only time I seem to be a little more introvert is when I am around a new crowd and chose to sit back and watch how people behave before I come out of my shell. My intuition is also slightly preferred over my sensing, which also does not surprise me as in life my gut instincts have rarely guided me in the wrong direction, I also prefer feeling over thinking which at times has not been th e best thing for me in the past when it comes to making an important decision. Last but not least is the slight preference I have of judging over perceiving, I think in everyone this can be human nature however for the most part I do my best to have all the facts before coming to a conclusion about a person, thing or an idea. With the creativity test it looks at though I am at 54.94 and the typical is 63.6, I did not really have a clear understanding on where I ranked with the abstraction, persistence, connection, complexity, paradox, boldness, curiosity and perspective. The test did give the definition of what I was being graded on, for example for the abstraction this is in regards to the ability to abstract concepts from ideas, the connection is the ability to make connections between things that don’t initially have a connection. The perspective is the ability to shift ones perspective on a situation, the curiosity is the desire to change or improve things that everyone else sees as normal, the boldness area is the confidence to push the boundaries b eyond accepted conventions and the paradox section is the ability to work simultaneously on different projects. Last but not least were the complexity which is the ability to take in large amounts of information and be able to manage it and change it up and then there was persistence which was the ability to force oneself to keep trying to derive more and better solutions. Typically on test like these there are few  things that can happen with my outcome, if it is boring and the questions seem to be repeated but in a different manner then I become bored and I want to hurry up and answer the questions and be done with it, because I am not really sure how to read the outcome of my score I can’t give an accurate answer based on this test. What I can tell you is yes am a very persistent person when it comes to certain situations, especially if I am intrigued with an idea or it is a job that must be completed, my curiosity is also a positive when it comes to trying to find ways to improve things or make them better. I do have boldness however I also need to come out of my comfort zone with things that I know nothing about when it comes to innovation, especially when it really does not peak my interest, paradox is also a plus for me as I am very good at doing thing simultaneously and I do work well under pressure. I am not sure how using this test will help me but as long as I feel like I can go to someone above me and will not feel dumb for asking a question that may come easy to them, then I can grow as a person. We don’t all process information the same, I try to learn from my mistakes and grow from there in doing so I can take what I have learned onto another project.

My grandfather

Few events impact the lives of humans as war.   The United States found itself in many wars during the twentieth century, in every corner of the world.   The common trait throughout all these wars was that they were fought by young men, many of whom had little political education or any idea why they were fighting.   My grandfather, Francisco Martin, was one of these young men, as he fought in the Korean War.   Through the violence and the confusion, he survived to create a family and life of peace, though the memories of the war always stayed with him. My grandfather was born in Puerto Rico in 1930, and was still a young man when the Korean War broke out.   As a twenty-year-old college student at the University of Puerto Rico, Francisco knew very little about Korea, save for what he learned in history class.   After World War II, in a 1945 agreement reached by the allies at the Potsdam Conference, Korea was divided along the 38th Parallel into North and South Korea.   It was an early indicator of what would become the Cold War, as the communist Soviet Union would occupy North Korea and South Korea would be occupied by the democratic U.S. forces. However, only five short years later, on June 25, 1950, North Korean communist forces launched a massive surprise attack on South Korea quickly overrunning the capital.   U.S. Intervention was ordered on June 27 by President Harry S. Truman on the same day the U.N. invoked military sanctions against North Korea.[1]   As a citizen of Puerto Rico, my grandfather was also a citizen of the United States, and his dual citizenship in each country would prove desirable to the armed forces, as well as his college experience.   Less than a year later, young Francisco would put his studies on the shelf when his country called. As a student at the University of Puerto Rico, my grandfather had some experience in the R.O.T.C., and he could also speak Spanish and English, so his qualifications for the military were more than adequate for what the military needed and he was inducted on October 5, 1951.   For young Pvt. Martin, adjusting to life in the military was no easy task: â€Å"It was difficult.   The transition from being a University student, to being a trainee preparing to go to war was not easy.   It was a drastic change in mentality and attitudes. After all, it was sort of ‘brain storming’ in order to prepare the soldier to go to possible ‘combat areas’ as was called.†[2]   After four months of basic training in San Juan and Salinas, Puerto Rico, Pvt. Martin found out that he would be going to South Korea, which came as no big surprise.   However, finally hearing about his destination filled him with fear and trepidation, and he worried about what would come next.   While his commanding officers repeated that it was their duty to serve and go to Korea, this did little to quell his fears. My grandfather’s unit left Puerto Rico in April of 1952; at the time he was twenty-one years old and celebrated his twenty-second birthday on the way past Honolulu, Hawaii.   He describes the long journey by boat to South Korea as being difficult, uncomfortable, and lacking enough fresh water for the troops.   â€Å"We showered with salt water†¦ It was awful†¦ We spent approximately one month on board. We passed Hawaii and reached Japan; it was civilization at last!†[3]   The experience of Japan after the long journey was a welcome relief.   In particular, Tokyo proved to be an eye-opening experience for the young Puerto Rican American soldier, and made life off the ship that much more enjoyable:   â€Å"Nice food, big city†¦Ã‚   No more rotten eggs for breakfast as in the ship. No more seawater for bathing.   No more nasty odors and boring hours.†[4]   After being initially assigned by to be a translator because of his ability to speak Spanish and English, he was slowly beginning to adjust to life in the army, of course helped by being in the big, fast city of Tokyo.   However, before too long, he and his unit were finally shipped to South Korea to continue their duty and fight the communists of the North. My grandfather left Tokyo by train, leaving behind the many creature comforts of life in the big city, such as hot food and comfortable beds.   Back on the old, uncomfortable train he was forced to sleep on the floor with the rest of the men, or on the hard, wooden seats.   The only food they had for the trip was canned rations of spaghetti and meatballs, and once again life in the military seemed harsh and monotonous.   After the long train ride and a short ferry ride, they were finally on the mainland of Asia and in South Korea. When arriving in Pusan in the summer of 1952, it became immediately clear to all the soldiers that they were in a war zone: â€Å"On our arrival to Pusan, we could here the guns from far away.†[5]   There was no mistaking that there lives were now at stake, and the uncomfortable boats and the trip to South Korea did not look so bad. My grandfather remembers vividly his early days in South Korea: â€Å"I was assigned to the Second Division.   This army division arrived to Korea in 1950.   In 1951, the 9th Infantry regiment played an important role in the offense and defense in Korea.   I was there.†[6]   He recalls the large military presence and the continuous movement of trucks, tanks, and troops coming and going. He also remembers the differences in the attitudes of the soldiers, which depended highly on which direction they were heading: â€Å"Soldiers were leaving Korea and heading to Tokyo in their way back home (from U.S.A Puerto Rico, Colombia, and other countries in South America).   We (the incoming troops) were sad.   But they (the ones leaving) were very, very happy; it is understandable that after fourteen months in the combat zone.†[7]   Pvt. Martin prepared himself for the idea of spending the next fourteen in the combat zone, but failed to realize at first that the main feelings would be of alienation. After going through the long journey to get to South Korea, my grandfather found himself deep in a learning experience upon arrival, with little companionship from any fellow Spanish-speaking soldiers: â€Å"I went through a learning period.   Everything was new for me; nobody spoke Spanish. It was a harsh process of adaptation because everything was uncertain.†[8]   In addition to the hard adjustment of life in a combat zone, he was also met with repeated stories of the violence that took place not far from his post, which filled him with even more anxiety: â€Å"I was fearful after listening to all the stories of the battles, the misery, and violence.   Everybody around me was very pessimistic.   I was sure that I was not going to make it.†[9] The young soldier would hear stories of the biggest battles while in South Korea, including â€Å"Bloody Ridge,† which was the name given to the twelve-day siege waged by the men of the 9th Infantry regiment against a communist held hill in the fall of 1952.   Because of security reasons, the military publication Stars and Stripes would not disclose the exact location of the bloody battle, and soldiers in my grandfather’s regiment were left to wonder just how far away the violence raged. He would even hear stories about his fellow Puerto Rican soldiers fighting and dying in the battle of Kelly Hill, which also occurred in the fall of 1952, making him realizing the deadly cost of the war: â€Å"The Puerto Rican regiment (the 65th infantry regiment) participated in ‘Kelly Hill Battle’ that happened in the fall of 1952.   Half of the 743 Puerto Rican soldiers that died in the war, died in this battle.†[10]   But, as with so many soldiers and civilians caught in combat zones, it was only the faith in his God that gave him the strength to ignore his fear and do his duty.   My grandfather credits this for returning home and proclaims, â€Å"My faith was the only thing that kept me alive.†[11] As a soldier, Pvt. Martin served in the 9th Infantry regiment for around a year, moving to and from many different locations throughout South Korea.   Despite his close proximity to the frontlines, he was fortunate enough to avoid all major combat events.   Though he knew that his fellow soldiers were fighting and dying, he did his duty as assigned, not matter how fearful he was or how dangerous the duty seemed: â€Å"I did not fight a person-to-person combat or patrols.   But I stood for guard many times.   I remember guarding from 12:00am until 4:00am in a wet, cold and scary dangerous forest. Nights were horrible.   There were constant bombings but we had to get used to them and pray for our lives.† [12] One time on guard duty, he suffered the lowest moment of his time in Korea: â€Å"While supervising guards and moving the soldiers to different posts, one of my legs suffered frostbite.   I was hospitalized for a period of time and received treatment.   Once I was cured, I was sent back to the frontlines.   In that period, I was serving in a technical capacity.   I was part of a special unit called I.R.I.   That unit was in charge of distributing tools and explosives to those soldiers assigned to difficult missions as mine finding.†[13]   Once again, it was his religious faith that helped get him through the most difficult times of the war. Though my grandfather did not experience any serious combat while in South Korea, the threat of combat was always present.   When coupled with the often monotonous life of being a soldier, and the extremely hot and wet summers and extremely frigid winters, the days and nights could drag on and become terribly lonely and fearful times.   The only things that usually made this go away were the letters and news from back home: â€Å"Receiving letters was very important. Receiving mail from the family and friend brought me happiness and strength.†Ã‚   This was especially true of the letters from his young wife:   â€Å"Ana’s letters were well received and expected.   She was very consistent in writing and that helped me a lot.†Ã‚   In addition to letters from loved ones, the soldiers were sometimes offered breaks from constant life on the frontlines. Trips to Japan for rest and recuperation offered soldiers a welcome break from soldier life, and according to my grandfather: â€Å"I spent a week in a city called Sasebo Kokura.   It was nice, good food, movies, and trips to the city, dancing in the fort, rest, and sleep.   But after a period of â€Å"relaxation and distraction† I was sent back to Korea, but this time by plane.†[14] Even away from the war zone, terrible things can occur, and the plane ride back from Japan would stay with my grandfather for the rest of his life:   â€Å"The flight was dangerous, the plane had no seats.   I was standing strapped to the wall.   It was a horrible and traumatic experience.   Today I suffered of ‘flight fear syndrome.’   I still have flashbacks of that moment.†[15]   However, with his strong faith and fortune to avoid serious combat while there, he avoided many of the pitfalls that claimed other soldiers such as depression, alcoholism, and mental illness. There were also some good times in South Korea, which my grandfather recalled fondly, especially Christmas of 1952.   The Army threw a large Christmas party complete with treats and Christmas dinner:   â€Å"There was ice cream, turkey, fruitcake, juice, and candy†¦ It felt like home.   I went to mass, we received letters, and I even received food from home!   I still remember that day; we had a Christmas tree and everything that goes with it.†Ã‚   [16] What made the holiday even better for the young soldier is that it would not be long that he would be able to leave South Korea.   He recalled: â€Å"By that time, there were three or four more moths to go — we were ready to rotate–other troops would replace us.†[17] However, he still had a few more months to go and realized that anything could happen, as the stories of battles and casualties continued to pour in.   But, he could not get around the fact that he was so close to the end of his time in South Korea.   Around March of 1953, Pvt. Martin received news that his time in Korea was up.   As he lived in a bunker at the time and news was delivered by a messenger, he remembers when a messenger came to his quarters and stated: â€Å"You, F. Martin, are leaving Korea. You are heading to Tokyo (back to Seoul and the Tokyo).  Ã‚   A modern ship will take you back to the U.S specifically to Seattle, Washington.†[18]  Ã‚   And, after fourteen months in the combat zone, his time was up and he could leave with the satisfaction that he served his country and did his duty.  Ã‚   He transferred to the U.S. Army Reserve on June 23, 1953, and finally finished his military service with an honorable discharge on October 6, 1959, after a full eight years in service. After his experience in Korea, my grandfather took with him many lessons learned about life and war.   His view of the war is that there were no clear winners.   Tens of thousands of Americans died, along with countless more Koreans, Chinese, and Russians.   However, he cannot help but feel that some progress was made concerning the state of South Korea:   â€Å"South Korea obviously gained†¦ Today it is a prosperous, well-developed nation, technologically advances and democratic.†[19] But, he also acknowledges that the conflict itself failed to succeed in its greater goals: â€Å"On the other hand, that place is a divided nation! North and South are divided! Families separated! North Korea today is in bad shape; hunger, famine, no democracy at all.†[20]   Though my grandfather did his duty, he does not claim to be a politician or have answers to the most complex political questions facing humanity. He prefers to be a kind, decent man that loves his family and tries to impart his simple wisdom whenever possible.   Though many memories of Korea stay with him, he considers himself fortunate to be able to share his wisdom and experiences with his children and grandchildren, and is proud to be both Puerto Rican, and a citizen of the United States. Bibliography Martin, Francisco. Interview by author.   Written notes.  Location, date month year. [1] Francisco Martin. Interview by author.   Written notes.  Location, date month year. [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Ibid. [9] Ibid. [10] Ibid. [11] Ibid. [12] Ibid. [13] Ibid. [14] Ibid. [15] Ibid. [16] Ibid. [17] Ibid. [18] Ibid. [19] Ibid. [20] Ibid.

History of the New York Police Department Essay

History of the New York Police Department - Essay Example Departments within the forces that had been incorporated into the NYPD included the New York Police [which formed the bulk of NYPD], Brooklyn Police Department, Brooklyn Bridge Police, Long Island City Police Department, the Park Police [also known as Central Park] and the Telegraph Bureau. The Telegraph Bureau is the forerunner of the present day Communications Division. Over the time, these departments and units expanded and divided as they became more specialized, to the point that presently, NYPD has more than 300 units. In a closely related wavelength, the framers of the Charter punctiliously included language in the document to ensure that no political party could muster control of this police department for its own purpose. John McCullagh served as first commissioner of NYPD. At the time, the NYPD has grown to incorporate several departments and special units such as anti-organized crime unit, Emergency Service Unit, harbor patrol, K-9, bomb disposal unit, air support, counterterrorism, air support, anti-gang, criminal intelligence, anti-narcotics, public housing unit and public transportation unit. The New York City Housing Authority Police Department and the New York City Transit Police were made part of the NYPD in 1995 (Vitale, 290-92). The Demographics That Informs NYPD’s Services According to Weiss, the size of New York bespeaks the size of NYPD’s duties and roles. This is because NYPD does not only serve New York City, but also the larger geopolitical expanse which is New York as a state.

Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction Essay

Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction - Essay Example When it comes to the national level the government should ensure that all the teachers rendering their services should have achieved and qualified with the right specifications as teachers and that they meet all the conditions expected by the system. This should be verified by the teachers providing legal documents to prove they have met the conditions of the job. There should be a body dealing with all this and it should be a process. The teacher should be assessed by a qualified staff before been given the job in order to confirm practically that they deserve or do not deserve the job. There should be some rules that govern the teachers that before they teach a certain level they should have acquired some specifications or maybe have some experience. This process should be a requirement before securing the job as a teacher and the reason unto why caution is needed in this area is because of the sensitivity of education. This is an area that touches on almost all the aspects of life for example health and agriculture and these areas need proper care when handling them. Basically we can say education is a fundamental thing in a society so it should be taken seriously. The certification of teachers will make sure that the country produces qualified people in the society with good values and will eliminate unqualified personnel from misleading the students.Teaching is not a random job (Peter,

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Interview Paper - Essay Example Knowing about his theories, an expectant mother has some educated knowledge about how she should deal with her child if there are certain practices that she wants to develop or otherwise, in the child. Other concepts on human development such as Piaget’s physical growth and development as well as Lev Vygotsky’s â€Å"Zone of Proximal Development† will be put in juxtaposition with the experiences and observations of a caregiver. Mercedes Montes is a caregiver to three year old Alfred. She has been looking after the child every weekday for more than nine months now. The caregiver says that she loves her job because she enjoys being with the child. She considers the joys and thrills she feels being a part of the growing process of Alfred the best part of her job. Even though she is not related with the child, she thinks she is a big part of whatever the child will become in the future. She does not only act as a caregiver to the child but as a teacher as well. She says her employer is making sure that the child gets the instructions she is not able to provide while she is away from her child, working at a bank that is why she hired Montes who recently graduated her BS in Education. The job does not only provide financial support for the woman but experience also which she says is valuable. Montes says that together with the joys and enjoyment she gets from her job, there are also difficulties. For instance, when the child gets sick, she seems to become the culprit for reasons such as forsaking the child’s needs. She says that it is emotionally cracking to think that she has done everything to do her responsibilities well but in the end, when something bad happens to the child, she becomes the first to be blamed. In addition, when the child is well and healthy, she says that she often ends her day very tired because the child is very active. Alfred seems to have all the energy to run around and climb and as a caregiver, she

Buildng construction for fire services (Brannigan & Corbett) Final Research Paper

Buildng construction for fire services (Brannigan & Corbett) Final - Research Paper Example The changes to these codes is expected to make tall buildings safer around the world and better equipped to handle a disaster. Building codes have been in use in the US for over 100 years since the first model code was written by the National Board of Underwriters in 1905. These codes have been revised and updated based on new materials and construction methods as they became available. Building damage during natural events like hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes led to revisions and upgrades of the building codes. The codes are written to establish the minimum requirements but the construction industry has often treated these as the maximum requirements (Dehring, 2006, p10, 11). Two comparatively recent major building disasters have led to the coining of the term â€Å"progressive collapse† and have led to the modification of building codes to prevent these from happening. In 1968, a gas explosion in a kitchen on the 18th floor of the 22-story Ronan Towers Apartment Building in London, UK knocked out pre-cast concrete load bearing panels in a corner of the building and that loss of support caused an entire corner bay of the building to collapse. The Murrah Federal Office Building in Oklahoma City was destroyed in 1995 by a bomb in a truck in the basement of the building. The bomb explosion damaged or destroyed three columns which led to the failure of a transfer girder. This caused the columns supported by the transfer girder and the floor areas supported by those columns to collapse causing a general collapse (Nair, 2004, p 1, 2). In both cases, the structural collapse is considered disproportionate to the trigger and the engineering community and the codes have attempted to change design codes to prevent such disproportionate damage. In general, codes attempt to improve building safety using three approaches – increasing local resistance, creating redundancy or improving interconnection (Nair, 2004, p2, 3). Increasing local

Holywood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Holywood - Essay Example However, the film can also be classified under other different genres. These include; Suspense, Thriller, based on, and Adaptation. James Stewart, a professional photographer, breaks his leg photographing a racetrack accident. Also a dance that Stewart nicknames "Miss Lonelyhearts" from the tenants window is also evident of the dramatic element in the film (John, 6). The principal theme in Real Window film is the crime-thriller theme and the relationship theme. The films tell us a story of a handicapped photographer who broke his leg while taking racetrack accident photos. From the actions that he observes in his apartment, he suspects that the murder had happened. The relationship theme is evidenced by the romance between Lisa and Jeff. The bigger ideas that the film is pointing to us is unity and matters relating to relationship. We learn that for us to get the love we must chase it (Honan, 11). The two main analytical positions that we can view this film are gender dynamics and personal attitudes. The film strongly opposes the negative attitude towards women and dictates how women should be treated. For instance, our "gaze" towards Lisa is controlled through the film. The feminist perspective have frequently been used in the film to advocate for fair treatment of women (Honan, 11). Real Window has maintained its ability to create fear, panic and tension to a high extent. Despite its ancient production techniques, it is among the best films to watch. If this film had seamless special effects in the modern film industry, it could be the best movie of the season. Sigmund Freud was a creative writer whom Alfred heavily relied on for ideas. Sigmund was therefore frequently associated with Hitchcock’s films (John,

Cyclical, Frictional and Structural Unemployment Statistics Project

Cyclical, Frictional and Structural Unemployment - Statistics Project Example Fifty percent, 10 percent, 30 percent and 10 percent of the total U.S unemployment accounts for unemployed persons due to layoff, those who have already quit their previous jobs, those reentering the labor force and new entrants to the labor force respectively. According to the Bureau of labor statistics, the number of unemployed persons in the U.S stood at 11.7 million while the unemployment rate stood at 7.6 percent in March 2013. This was a decrease from 7.7 percent in the previous month. In March 2013, the unemployment rate for adult males was 6.9 percent, adult females 7.0 percent and youths 24.2 percent. Categorized according to race, the unemployment rate for whites was 6.7 percent, blacks 13.3 percent, Hispanics 9.2 percent and Asians 5.0 percent.   In the same month, the number of persons unemployed for 27 or more weeks, stood at 4.6 million accounting for 39.6 percent of the unemployed. The labor force participation rate reduced by 0.2 percent while the civilian labor for ce reduced by 496,000. The involuntary part-time workers dropped by 350,000 to 7.6 million in March. They are regarded as involuntary part-time workers because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. In the same month, employment in the retail sector declined by 24,000 while employment in the health sector, professional and business services increased by 23,000 and 51,000 jobs respectively.The construction industry added 169,000 jobs. Job decline in clothing and accessories stores stood at 15,000, building material and garden supply stores at 10,000 and electronics and appliance stores 6,000. Some sectors in the government such as Postal Service employment fell by 12,000. Compared to previous months, major industries such as mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, state government, and local government recorded dismal changes in employment. Since 1948, to 2013, the average u nemployment rate has been 5.81 percent. The highest unemployment rate was in 1982 hitting a high of 10.8 and the lowest ever was in 1953 hitting a low of 2.50 percent. Unemployment is defined as the fraction of the total people looking for a job to the total labor force. Since the great depression, the U.S has recorded the highest stretch of the  unemployment rate of above 8 percent. The congressional budget office projects that the unemployment rate will remain above 8 percent until 2014.

HRM of Sonoco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRM of Sonoco - Essay Example The strategic value of the Human Resource Management Structure in the development and implementation of the organization’s goal cannot be gainsaid. Thus its involvement in any planning and roll out of strategies and initiatives is not only a must but mandatory (Little, 2011). Sonoco is a 100 year old organization that have survived wars and repeated economic crises. It is also a paternal organization that values relationship rather than performance. Sonoco will be examined in this thesis to assess how the value of human resource management will be applied. Background The growing role of Human Resource Management in organizations (Losey, Meisinger, & Ulrich, 2005) that enable it to play an important role in strategic initiatives cannot be made more apparent that in the case of Sonoco. For the better part of the last one hundred years Sonoco packaging company have successfully achieved uninterrupted growth coupled with impressive financial success. However, the past several glob al crises have also affected the primary customers of Sonoco that contributed to a drastic reduction in its fiscal performance. Despite these adverse economic situations Sonoco managed to grow through the acquisition of several other companies. In trying to survive several crisis that would include reduced local demands Sonoco also had to contend with the increasing visibility of off-shore competitors that severely undercuts its prices. To resolve these challenges Sonoco tried and failed to get the right talents that would give it a fresh perspective. Instead Sonoco experienced productivity issues. The unreliable market experienced during the case would have been as a result of poor production which is also a consequence of lack of... According to the research findings the growing role of Human Resource Management in organizations that enable it to play an important role in strategic initiatives cannot be made more apparent that in the case of Sonoco. For the better part of the last one hundred years Sonoco packaging company have successfully achieved uninterrupted growth coupled with impressive financial success. However, the past several global crises have also affected the primary customers of Sonoco that contributed to a drastic reduction in its fiscal performance. Despite these adverse economic situations Sonoco managed to grow through the acquisition of several other companies. In trying to survive several crisis that would include reduced local demands Sonoco also had to contend with the increasing visibility of off-shore competitors that severely undercuts its prices. To resolve these challenges Sonoco tried and failed to get the right talents that would give it a fresh perspective. Instead Sonoco experien ced productivity issues. The unreliable market experienced during the case would have been as a result of poor production which is also a consequence of lack of proper management by the group managers and corresponding supervisors within the packaging department. Some of the consequences of poor management experienced in the case study include but not limited to reduction in sales which negatively impacted the company creating a perception that the company is losing consumer interest in the global market.

Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. Loan Package Essay Example for Free

Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. Loan Package Essay Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. and its branches makes and sells candy including â€Å"Andes mints, Junior Mints, Charleston Chew, Mason Dots, Sugar Daddy, and the ever popular Tootsie Roll, which has been made from the same formula for over a 100 years† (Hoovers Academics, 2012) Tootsie Roll Industry’s customers include a wide variety of supermarkets, dollar stores, discount warehouse clubs, fund-raising charitable organizations, and the United States Military (Reuters, 2012). Team â€Å"A† studied various financial statements, such as the income statements, statements of cash flows and performed a ratio analysis to look at the Financial Condition of Tootsie Roll Industries. A ratio analysis helps explain the relations between the different statements to help manage the company’s opportunity for improvement when looking at each individual financial statement (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). The financial review revealed that â€Å"product sales have decreased 2.8% from the previous year in the first quarter and cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales increased from 64.3% to 67.1%† (Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. 10-Q, 2008). As a result of higher total costs from an increase on the costs of ingredients, packaging material costs, and the Canadian dollar foreign exchange rate Fair Value of financial assets of Tootsie Roll Industries (expressed in thousands) for fiscal year 2007 was reported at $73,928. The company has tried to reduce the use of raw materials by using derivative hedging instruments to reduce the market price exposure, to swings, and increase their net profit (Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. Financial position, 2008). Tootsie Roll Industries Inc. affronts various risks in the market including the fluctuations in prices for the ingredients to make its’ candies and the cost of packaging and fuel for delivery of its products. The Canadian Dollar exchange rate increases the company’s total costs. The company needs to use Canadian dollars to buy a portion of raw and packaging materials as well as to pay for the company’s operating expenses in Canadian plants. Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. limits its’ exposure to fluctuations in the markets interest rates by investing in and generally holding securities with a maturity rate of at least three years (Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. 10-Q,  2008). After Team â€Å"A† reviewed the financial statements of Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. the team members agreed to the decision that it would be advantageous to open a factory in the United States. This strategy will create job opportunities, and decrease the negative effect of th e foreign exchange rate that the company has been experiencing with the Canadian dollar. The decision of opening a new factory promotes good will in the United States with opportunities to expand the business. Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. management and stockholders analyzed its financial statements to create the new action plan based on the company’s needs. The accountants and financial advisors completed a deep analysis of the company financial ratios, to identify, and compute the liquidity ratios to determine the company’s ability to repay the debt. The solvency ratios determine if the company will survive over a long term, and the profitability ratios predestine the operating success of the company. The profitability ratios, such as the profit margin ratio result very low 10.4% but still profitable, the debt to assets total ratio was 21. 5%, and with the new loan will increase to 31.5% which is still good for such a large company and the times interest earn ratio increased 5.2 times slightly improving the company’s solvency. The current ratio improved 3.44% demonstrating the company’s liquidity (Appendix 1) Tootsie Roll Industries is thinking about opening a factory in the United States and how this will create more job opportunities and also reduce the negative effects on the foreign exchange rate with the Canadian dollar. The best type of loan to seek is CDC/504 program. This program will allow Tootsie Roll to provide jobs for the community while also improving on its interest rates. The requirements for the loan is to provide financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flow, and retained earnings statement for the past three years. The information provided to a lender for the purpose of borrowing money to build a new facility in the United States. The amount of the loan that Tootsie Roll is asking for is $1million to purchase a facility, or build a new facility in the United States. This would be for building purchase, land, equipment, supplies, and any other soft costs needs. The loan requirements according to Small Business Administration (SBA) structure 40% of total project costs by the participating lending company, 50% covering total project costs and 10% covered by Tootsie Roll (SBA, 2012) Therefore, Tootsie  Roll meets the CDC/504 requirements for the loan by either building or renovating a building. The key is to provide new jobs to the community with the possibility of expansion in the near future. The life of the loan is 20 years at a fixed rate with 90% of financing. This type of loan does not require a balloon payment, however Tootsie Roll will be able to make monthly payments until the debt is paid off. Tootsie Roll can offer it is assets for collateral if the debt is not repaid. These assets can be the other property, plant, and equipment (SBA, 2012) Conclusions Team â€Å"A† discussed the reasons for the company to obtain a loan, and the destination benefits of the funds. Another topic discussed was the loan requirements and how to overcome those requirements with a detailed business plan and strategy to expand the business and offer new jobs to help the economy and the community development. Finally the company had to show the financial statements to present a loan package offer to the selected lender, disclosing the new debt ratio, to demonstrate the company’s ability of repayment for the loan. Present and explain how this loan will benefit the community and its benchmarking strategy to compete in the market with top performance companies and increased their market share. Even though the company is adding another debt to its liabilities, it will still help the company’s growth, and lead the industry. References: (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2012, from www.hoovers.com: www.hoovers.com/company/Tootsie_Roll_Industries../rrcsif-1.html (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2012, from www. reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66..TR: www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?rpc=66..TR Tootsie Roll Industires From 10-Q. (2008, March 29). The United States Securities and Exchange Commision Form 10-Q. Washington, D.C. Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. and subsidiariescondensed consolidated statements of financial position. (2008, November 11). Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. 10-Q. Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., Kieso, D. E. (2009). Accounting: Tools for business decision making. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. www.sba.gov retrieved 12 March 2012

Comparison of Myths and Heroes

Comparison of Myths and Heroes Heroes of Medieval Times Throughout civilization there have been many changes in the views and ethics of society. Different civilizations believed that different distinct characteristics gave a person character which changes how the rest of society will view them. As civilization has progressed there have been many heroes thatare very different. Some of these heroes have been fierce warriors who fought with passion for their empire or kingdom, while others have been loyal and sacrificed their own well being for the greater good of a civilization. All of these heroes have been a role model for their society in one way or another. People always took pride in being connected with the heroes of their time. Having a hero gives people hope and determination, which is a very important characteristic. Wars have been won because a hero has given his people the inner strength to continue even though they are extremelyoutnumbered or losing horribly. They also give people honor in being part of their city or territory. Romans would believe in this aspect very strongly. Heroes have been the back bone that has helped different civilizations continue with the support of its people. If the people in each civilization had no honoror loyalty then we would have had many more different civilizations because ofconstant overthrows and takeovers. Even in todays world heroes and role models are changing. 10 years ago sports figures used to be the highlight of every bodies life; now people are looking towards our soldiers who are fighting overseas. The same change has happened throughout known civilization. Starting with Gilgamesh, the first known piece of literature, and going through the Aneid then on to The Sermon on the Mount the concept of the hero has changed drastically. The evolution of thehero in the medieval world has changed many times; a hero in one era would not be a hero in another and this will continue into the future. The first known hero was a man named Gilgamesh who was the king of Uruk. The story of Gilgamesh is the first known piece of literature and it is avery important epic of history. Uruk was a city located in ancient Mesopotamia, which was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This is the location where civilization is believed to have begun. His city was seen as asymbol of strength, it had very high walls that were very strong. This was seen as a symbol of greatness by many. Gilgamesh was supposedly two thirds god and one third human. He was seen as the greatest king on earth and possessed manypowers; however, Gilgamesh was a young man that did not treat his people withrespect which would get him into some trouble. The people of Uruk were troubled with Gilgameshs treatment and prayed to the Gods. Aruru sent a wild man named Enkidu who had the same strength as Gilgamesh. He was sent to calm Gilgamesh down so the people of Uruk could have a little more peace. Gilgamesh and Enkidu end up fighting, but afterwards become great friends and have many great adventures together. Enkidu and Gilgamesh were involved in a battle where they killed the Bull of Heaven. The gods met and realized that somebody had to pay for this crime; they decided Enkidu should pay the price and he suffered for 12 days before dying. This caused Gilgamesh a lot of pain and he finally learns the feeling of loss. Gilgamesh has a rough time dealing with the loss of his best friend and decides that he can not live any longer unless he is granted immortality. Gilgamesh then turns to a sage named Utanapishtim who describes a story of an epic flood. This flood is closely related to the flood in the Christian bible. Utanapishtim builds a great boat and carries two of every animal in it. The god Enlil was very angry because someone let Utanapishtim know about the flood. Enlil decided to grant Utanapishtim and his wife complete immortality. Utanapishtim then tells Gilgamesh about a thorny plant that only grows beneath the great sea. Gilgamesh then goes on a search for this plant and eventually finds it and takes it back to the surface. The plant was later stolen from Gilgamesh by a serpent that ate the plant and then shed its skin. This is where Gilgamesh realizes that there is not an escape from death (Lawall18-34). He discovers that fame is a sense of immortality, his story and essence will live on forever (Taylor). Gilgamesh during his own time was not seen as a hero; we now can see that he was a very important hero by the story that was left behind. At firs the treated his people with disrespect by making them feel inferior, but with the gods help he was given a more personal character. In the Course of the epic, Gilgamesh changes from an arrogant, oppressive ruler whose people complain to the gods to a person who has experienced friendship, love, andloss, and who has been humbled by grief and the fear of death (Lawall 16). He learned the feeling of loss from his best friends death and also about humanity from the story of the flood. We now see Gilgamesh as a man who went through many changes which were for the better. Gilgamesh becomes a responsible ruler who rules his community with wisdom and creates human cultural achievements that outlast his own reign and are passed down to future generations. (Abusch 1) A second literary work that incorporates the importance of heroes in the ancient world is the Iliad. This story was written by the 8th century poet Homer. He utilized the people surrounding him for his writings. His poems celebrate the values of ancient Greek civilization, incorporating many ancient myths and folk motifs and examining such themes as heroism, fate, honor,loyalty, and justice (Homer 1). All of the different themes that Homer used inhis writings describe the type of person that the Greeks believed deserved thetitle of hero. The beginning of the Iliad starts after Troy had already been at warwith Greek army. The war was started because Paris was the judge of a beauty contest that involved three goddesses. The winner of the contest was going to be Paris wife. Paris chose Helen to be the most beautiful women in the world, but she was already the wife of Menelaus. Menelaus blamed Paris and turned to Agamemnon, who was his brother and he led the Greek forces to wage war on Troy. Achilles, the great Greek warrior, is mad at Agamemnon for stealing a woman that he had won as a war prize. Achilles mother, Thesis, dipped him in a liquid when he was young, which gave him immortality, but she held him by his ankle giving him one weakness. Agamemnon had taken Achilles woman because he was stripped of a woman that he had won. This causes Achilles to stop fighting the war against Troy. Achilles prays to his mother Thesis and learns that if the Trojan warrior Hector dies that it is Achilles fate to also die. As long as Hector did not die Achilles fate would not come true. The war then becomes involved with the Gods; different gods were oneach side of the war and the war constantly went back and forth between theTrojans and Greeks. The Trojans start to turn the war to their side andPatroclus decides to help out the Greeks. Patroclus was Achilles best friendand knew that if he wore Achilles armor it would give moral to the Greektroops. Patroclus drives the Trojans almost all the way back into the city, butHector engages him in battle and kills him. He then stole the armor off thecorpse of Patroclus and wears it in the continuing battles. Achilles is enragedwhen he learns of his best friends death and calls on his mother to acquire anew set of armor. Achilles finally joins the Greek army and leads them inbattle. He has absolutely no fear because he knows that his fate is death; manyTrojans are slaughtered by his revenge. Achilles finally meets with Hector andkills him. Hector, surely you thought as you killed Patroclus you would besafe, and since I was f ar away you thought nothing of me, o fool, for anavenger was left, far greater than he was, behind him and away by the hollowships (Mueller 100). After he killed hector he defiles his body by dragging Hector behind his horse because he believes Hector deserves this cruel treatment. The Trojan War is later won by the Greeks when they used a horsemade of wood to gain access to the city (Lawall 107-205). The Greek morals were very different than the morals we have today or even the morals during the time of Gilgamesh. When Achilles took the womenas a war prize it was a normal occurrence. That was what the society expected to be done. The Greeks believed in honor and loyalty for ones country as well as a man being a good strong warrior. The chief aim of a heros life is to win fame and immortality, do his duty, fulfill his fate, and guard his honor and that of his companions (Homer 3). Achilles resembles all of these characteristics; although he did go overboard with revenge at times. The Trojan War was started because Paris took Menelaus wife; he did not earn her in battle like a true warrior would. This caused the great war which was the demise of Troy. Achilles is seen as a hero because even though he knew his fate was death, if Hector was killed, he still fought for his kingdom, friend, andeven foe, Agamemnon. His mother warned him of what would happen, but the death of his friend needed to be revenged as well as the theft of Menelaus wife. Hewas strong and a great warrior, these qualities are the epitome of a Greekhero. These qualities are very different from the story of Gilgamesh where we say Gilgamesh become more of a humanitarian. Gilgamesh became more caring and forgiving to his people and his people desired this. If Achilles did that hewould be seen as a weak warrior; he would probably be challenged by anotherwarrior because of this weakness. Hector is also seen as a hero in this story because he fought with great honor for Troy. He knew that Achilles was a great warrior that would bevery difficult to defeat, yet he still engaged him in battle with honor andonly requested to die with dignity. These qualities are still very different from other civilizations that follow. A story from the Roman era that is closely related to Iliad is the Aeneid. This story was written by Romes favorite poet Virgil. This story was a rip off of Homers story and described how Rome was suppose to be founded (Taylor). Virgil wrote the story to describe how important Roman family values and sacrifice for ones country was very important. Virgil also wrote this text by taking payments from the Roman government which leads people to believe it was created to show Roman people the attributes that were desired in their society. This storys main character is Aeneas who was the prince of Troy. Aeneas had managed to make an escape while the city was being overthrown and he wasgiven a mission from the Gods. His mission was to find the city of Rome. This was seen as a very important duty because during that time if the Gods told aperson to do something it was especially important. This is the reason Romans believed they were special; the Gods wanted them to be founded. While Aeneas was sailing to the Italian peninsula the gods decided to test him. They created a large storm that blew Aeneas very far off course, and this landed his ship in Carthage. When he arrived he was welcomed by Queen Dido, who was a widow. In Carthage, Aeneas is viewed as a hero simply because he fits the physical description. Didoand Aeneas end up going on a hunting trip, but before they could make it backto the city a storm came and forced them to take shelter. They found a cave and decided to stay the night and wait for the storm to subs ide. While they were in this cave they engaged in a mutual attraction and had an intimate encounterwith each other. Aeneas does like Dido, but he does not take their relationshipas seriously as Dido does. She believes that their encounter in the cave was amarriage vow. Dido being extremely attached and attracted to Aeneas offers him theopportunity to stay in Carthage and become king. This is a very goodopportunity for Aeneas because he doesnt have to set up anything; the entirekingdom is already there and he could become rich and have a wife (Taylor). Aeneas is put in a very tough situation because he was summoned by the Gods tofound Rome, but he does love Dido and would love to stay and rule Carthage. While Aeneas was contemplating his decision the Gods sent Mercury as a messengerto remind him of his duty to find Rome. Aeneas makes the decision to leave thecomfort and ease of staying in Carthage to go back on his mission and find Rome. He is on fire to fly, and leave the too-well-loved city, astoundedat so unlooked-for a warning and at the command of the gods (Shairp 405). This passage describes how Aeneas felt about leaving Carthage. This wasnt a veryhard decision in the end because he knew that he was true to the Gods and whatwould be the city o f Rome. Aeneas and his men set sail to search for Rome and Dido completely loses her sanity. She is completely heartbroken and commits suicide, but before doing so she threatens Rome to be an enemy for alleternity. Aeneas ends up going to the land of the dead to gain some information and he meets Dido there. He tried to explain his sorrow and guilt he felt forher death, but she was reluctant to accept his apology. Aeneas ends up going onmany more expeditions and journeys, but he never finds the city of Rome. His descendant Romulus finds the city in 753 BCE. Aeneas gave up many different things that he knew he had for sure togo and try to find the city of Rome. He could have stayed in Carthage with Didoand had love, wealth, fame, and a great life; however, he decided that Rome was more important and gave up everything to go on his search. He was seen as a heroto all Romans because he resembled all of the family values that Romans had. They believed in loyalty, honesty, sacrifice, and respect. It could be said thatAeneas laid down the ground rules for the Roman values and qualities. He showed great respect for the Gods by following their orders and continuing to find Rome, and sacrifice by giving up certain wealth. This led Romans to believe that theircity was important and it was worth losing everything for. If it were possibleto have a conversation with Aeneas in the land of the dead he would say that even though he had failed to find Rome, it was worth the effort. Even if heknew he would never find Rome, his loyalty to the Gods would have kept him fromstaying in Carthage. This quality gives Aeneas a lot of character and gives himthe title of hero. The Romans also believed in many of the same characteristics the Greeks believed in, such as being a fierce warrior. When Christianity started to come into the Roman world it changed the views of what a hero was. TheRomans believed that if they were disrespected they returned the favor to whoever disrespected them. However, the Christian bible started to make its wayinto the Roman world and this was a very drastic change. In the New Testament Matthew 5-7 it states: Blessed are the poor in spirit, because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. Blessed are they who sorrow, because they shall be comforted. Blessed are the gentle,they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are they who are hungry and thirsty forrighteousness, because they shall be fed. Blessed are they who have pity, because they shall be pitied. Blessed are the pure in heart, because they shallsee God. Blessed are the Peace makers, because they shall be called the sons ofGod. Blessed are they who are persecuted for their righteousn ess, becausetheirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. (Lawall 1085-1086) These were the opposite views of what the traditional Romans believed. People in Rome started to turn to Christianity because it gave themindividual hope in something. It gave people the chance for individual salvation. The New Testament describes that the true believers will reach heaven, and fierce warriors who have no pity will not reach salvation. Thisshows another example of how civilization has changed its views of heroes. Heros will consistently change throughout the rest of civilization as different lifestyles and ethics come into play. All of the heroes discussed were very important role models to the people in that time. Heroes give hope and meaning in peoples lives; even though some are fierce warriors while otherstry to benefit society. Gilgamesh, Achilles, and Aeneas stories have lived on for thousands of years; this makes them true heroes that will continue to be an important role in civilizations to come. ReferencesAbusch, Tzvi. The Development and Meaning of the Epic of Gilgamesh: AnInterpretive Essay. Journal of the American Oriental Society 121. No. 4 Pg. 614-22.Homer, Iliad, Plot Summary and Discussion Issues. Goucher.11/12/2007. Pg.1-5. http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng222/homeriliad.htm. Homer. Literature Resource Center. 11/01/2007. Pg. 1-4. http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.fit.edu/servlet/LitRC. Hooker, Richard. Gilgamesh. WSU. 11/01/2007. Pg 1-10. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/GILG.HTM. Lawall, Sarah. Gilgamesh, The Iliad, The Aeneid, The New Testament. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton Company 2006. Pg. 15-34, 100-205, 926-1023,1082-89. Mueller, Martin. Fighting in the Iliad The Literature Resource Center. 1984. Pg. 1-12.http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.fit.edu/servlet. Publius Virgilius Maro: The Aenid,. Authors Digest. Volume 17. Author Press1908. Pg. 1-4. Shairp, J. C. Virgil as a Precursor of Christianity. The Princeton Review. Vol. 4. July-December: 1879.Pg. 401-20. Taylor, Robert. Lecture, Civilization 1. Florida Institute of Technology. Fallsemester 2006. Why is Achilles the greatest of the Greek heroes?. About.com. 11/19/2007. Pg. 1. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa092899a.htm

Nutrition and Exercise Reccomendations, Past and Present :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Nutrition and Exercise Reccomendations, Past and Present Ancient Nutritionists Frank Katch, William McArdle, Victor Katch and James Freeman did research in 1998 that suggested that the first nutritionists came out of the early Olympics between the years of 776 BC and 393 AD. During this period paidotribes, which were private trainers or coaches, advised their athletes about the importance of food and exercise. One of these early coaches was Melesias. Melesias was one of the most educated nutritionists in his era. He coached 30 wrestling champions (Wolinsky p.8). They also reported that ancient scrolls and pictures showed that athletes followed plans of exercise, rest, massage, and diet for 10 consecutive months before their competition. The paidotribes would prescribe large amounts of food for boxers and wrestlers. Around 480 BC, Dromeus of Stymphalus, who was an Olympic champion in the long race twice, discovered a new diet of meat. Later, Herodicus of Selymbria modified this diet to change his own health. Gardiner, an ancient Greek, spoke of the new diet: The diet of the old athletes had been, like that of most Greek country folk, mainly vegetarian, consisting of figs, fresh cheese from the baskets, porridge, and meal cakes with only occasional meat as a relish, and wine. The frequently repeated statement that the athlete's diet was regulated by the law of the Games, and that he was not allowed to drink wine is entirely groundless. But shortly after the Persian Wars a change took place. A meat diet was introduced by some of the trainers. The object of the meat diet was to produce the bulk and strength supposed to be necessary for the boxer and the wrestler. In Greece classification by weight was unknown, and in boxing and wrestling the heavyweight has the advantage. Therefore, to produce bulk, the trainer prescribed enormous quantities of meat, which had to be counteracted by excessive exercise. Eating, sleeping, and exercise occupied the athlete's whole time and left little leisure for other pursuits (Wolinsky p.8). Nutrition in foods and beverages are still important for athletes and exercisers today. A few years ago body builders were the only people to take nutrition seriously (Bevereley 2000). John Anderson and Robert McMurray (1998) wrote that exercise and physical activity damage a person's muscles, tendons and ligaments. These tissues can be repaired quickly. Repair can take from a few minutes to few weeks. Good nutrition helps to aid in the repair of these tissues. Nutrition and Exercise Reccomendations, Past and Present :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays Nutrition and Exercise Reccomendations, Past and Present Ancient Nutritionists Frank Katch, William McArdle, Victor Katch and James Freeman did research in 1998 that suggested that the first nutritionists came out of the early Olympics between the years of 776 BC and 393 AD. During this period paidotribes, which were private trainers or coaches, advised their athletes about the importance of food and exercise. One of these early coaches was Melesias. Melesias was one of the most educated nutritionists in his era. He coached 30 wrestling champions (Wolinsky p.8). They also reported that ancient scrolls and pictures showed that athletes followed plans of exercise, rest, massage, and diet for 10 consecutive months before their competition. The paidotribes would prescribe large amounts of food for boxers and wrestlers. Around 480 BC, Dromeus of Stymphalus, who was an Olympic champion in the long race twice, discovered a new diet of meat. Later, Herodicus of Selymbria modified this diet to change his own health. Gardiner, an ancient Greek, spoke of the new diet: The diet of the old athletes had been, like that of most Greek country folk, mainly vegetarian, consisting of figs, fresh cheese from the baskets, porridge, and meal cakes with only occasional meat as a relish, and wine. The frequently repeated statement that the athlete's diet was regulated by the law of the Games, and that he was not allowed to drink wine is entirely groundless. But shortly after the Persian Wars a change took place. A meat diet was introduced by some of the trainers. The object of the meat diet was to produce the bulk and strength supposed to be necessary for the boxer and the wrestler. In Greece classification by weight was unknown, and in boxing and wrestling the heavyweight has the advantage. Therefore, to produce bulk, the trainer prescribed enormous quantities of meat, which had to be counteracted by excessive exercise. Eating, sleeping, and exercise occupied the athlete's whole time and left little leisure for other pursuits (Wolinsky p.8). Nutrition in foods and beverages are still important for athletes and exercisers today. A few years ago body builders were the only people to take nutrition seriously (Bevereley 2000). John Anderson and Robert McMurray (1998) wrote that exercise and physical activity damage a person's muscles, tendons and ligaments. These tissues can be repaired quickly. Repair can take from a few minutes to few weeks. Good nutrition helps to aid in the repair of these tissues.

In Love With Shakespeare :: Poetry Literature Papers

In Love With Shakespeare "About any one so great as Shakespeare, it is probable that we can never be right; and if we can never be right, it is better that we should from time to time change our way of being wrong." --T. S. Eliot (Eliot 107) Like all great artists, William Shakespeare is thoroughly conscious of his medium. His plays consistently call attention to the theatrical. "With Shakespeare the actable and the theatrical are always what come first" (Frye 5). In fact, the metaphor of performance is central to the Shakespearean canon. "When we are born we cry that we are come To this great stage of fools," Lear declares to Gloucester (IV.vi. 178-179). "All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts" (As You Like It, II.vii. 139-142). This self-referentiality reflects a concern that the audience not be passive in its participation, and that the boundaries of the theatrical experience not be restricted to the stage. Shakespeare layers connotations and meanings into his plays that reward the self-conscious auditor. Though much of our modern entertainment seeks to make the auditor oblivious of the medium, Shakespeare’s plays demand a sophisticated self-consciousness on the audience’s part. Part of the pleasure of viewing a Shakespearean play such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream is in recognizing the irony of its self-contained mini-dramas. In the "Pyramus and Thisbe" scene, Shakespeare satirizes theatrical convention. At the same time, however, he satirizes the naivetà © of the audience that doubts the transforming power of the imagination. As Shakespeare continually points out, the acts of performing and viewing are not confined to the theatre. Life reflects the theatre just as the theatre reflects life. Furthermore, when taken seriously, great theatre can change its audience. For this reason, Shakespeare seeks to make viewing a conscious act. The full benefit of the theatrical experience is felt only when the auditor recognizes his role. Clearly, in Shakespeare’s view, life is very much like a play. For one thing, all human beings are actors, or as Hegel says, "free artists of themselves" (Bloom 6). As "real" as we perceive ourselves to be, Shakespeare’s great characters demonstrate that personal identity is an assumed role, a fabrication. We are all playing characters. When the mad and weather-beaten King Lear declares himself "every inch a king," his exclamation is a melancholy reminder that power and authority are based upon image and ceremony.

Society?s Arthurian Variety :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Writers have reflected the differences in society and individual opinions over many years in their writing by slightly altering the plot of Arthurian Romances to appeal to the interests of their community. Arthurian Romances, at early times, were written with themes of magic and violence whereas legends from later times attributed critical turning points in the plot to the power of love and were more involved, containing a long list of characters. Also affecting the differences in the times are the writer’s nationality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Earlier Arthurian Romances were written by Celts. Their warrior mentality led the writers to depict gruesome and violent legends. The beginning of The Wife of Bath’s Tale (Canterbury Tales) blatantly describes a knight, who is supposed to uphold the strict regiment of chivalry, violently raping a virgin at first glance. Such an occurrence commonly appears throughout Celtic Arthurian Romances and is a reminder of the life of war that they led. The rest of The Wife of Bath’s Tale has mystical pretences, signifying the Celt’s belief in the gods of good and evil. The answer to the question of which the malicious knight was questing for was held by a deceptive witch, who appears to be a rich young woman after gaining the knight’s respect. The writing style of the Celts also makes the tale appear to be more mysterious by their to-the-point storytelling by leaving out the details which make tales seem real to the audience, in many cases not ev en giving their characters names instead of positions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the French perspective, Arthurian Romances took on a whole new profile. Many intertwined characters with elegant names such as Lancelot and Gwenyvere, from Excalibur, promote honor and a strong reverence of love. Whereas knights commonly took advantage of their animal instincts in the Celtic tales, they upheld a strict code of honor, chivalry, from the French perspective. The struggle within Lancelot and Gwenyvere to discover why their hearts wanted to make the wrong decision when they already had the right and best situation shows that the French did not totally understand the nature of love and believed it to be unpredictable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arthurian Romances have been depicted in many different ways to tell the same story in the end, but the contrast between the Celtic and French versions sticks out like a sore thumb.

Feminism Ophelia Hamlet

Aphelion's struggles in the patriarchal society in which she lives and the loss of her identity as a whole, by not only her father, but other authorial males in her life. Throughout the beginning of the play, Aphelia, is used as somewhat of a pawn by all the male figures in her life, emotionally, physically, and even for sheer politics.Her lack of a mother figure and severe dependence on her father and brother, as well as other males, has literally taken away who she really is, her opportunity to make and act on her own decisions. Aphelia is treated by her father as if she is not only his daughter, but his possession. When Aphelia first speaks to her father about Hamlet, he states â€Å"l do not know, my lord, what I should think,† (1. 2). Polonium responds in an authoritative way, basically attesting himself as the decision maker. When he states â€Å"You do not understand yourself so clearly.. â€Å"(l . 3), he attacks her competence to handle herself. He goes on to say â €˜â€ ¦As it behooves my daughter and your honor†(l . 3), making it clear that it would be in her best interest to behave according to the â€Å"set† standards and how she acts and presents herself, reflects onto him as her father and as a member of the kings court. It is clear he doesn't care for Hamlet and ants his daughter to have nothing to do with him, convincing her that she is nothing to him.. But, after hearing more about Hamlet acted towards her by grabbing her and just staring into her, he takes full advantage of the situation and instructs his daughter to behave according to his best interests, to get closer to the king, Claudia.Aphelia, living in a male dominated world, has over the years, lost herself as a person, as a woman, doing things that she wouldn't normally do, such as be a part of her fathers plan to expose Hamlets reason for his â€Å"madness. † During the time when the play was written, women were marginalia, often dewed as property, even with fathers and daughters. In that society a woman would be required to be a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, and dare not stray away from those approved roles that were placed upon them. Aphelia, growing up always being the dutiful daughter, obeys her fathers wishes and follows through with the plan.The pitfalls to being a dutiful daughter, in her case, is that she lost the one man that made her happy, her lover, not only says horrid remarks to her, but breaks her down, and any little bit of â€Å"reality' she had was lost forever. The hazards of being a dutiful daughter/mother/wife, are always present. There is the immediate consequences, then there are the ones that over time, as her character â€Å"screams† out to the audience, being oneself becomes obsolete. Her brother, Alerter, who is going back to France, also â€Å"advises† his sister to keep away from Hamlet.Expressing that Hamlet being a prince, would marry for the good of the state and due to the differences in class, Hamlet would not marry Aphelia. Alerter also believes that Hamlet cares for her but â€Å"loves† her only for sexual need. â€Å"Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting. † (1. 3). Unfortunately, exposing another â€Å"role† a woman would face in a patriarchal society, sexual roles. He is also concerned with her good name and family reputation, possibly implying that she could get pregnant and he would leave her, thus putting herself in a â€Å"unacceptable† role of a woman; a woman with a past, forever branding her and the family name.Hamlet plays on her emotional strings. He has expressed his love for her and has given her gifts. The sudden death of his father and finding out the reasons behind his death, as well as the disgust of his mother marrying so quickly afterwards, molds Hamlet too man he has never been before; untrusting, and very paranoid about others close to him, and for very good reason. He took out his anger with hi s mother on all who loved him. His only life line was Aphelia, the only one he thought of as true, or tried to make himself believe that she was, by grabbing her and observing her closely, as if he could see right through her.After her ultimate betrayal, by setting him up and lying to him about where her father was, she, cut off his life line. By doing so, he insults her, tells her that he loved her once, and belittles her to no end, until she is ambushed by so many emotions, that she is left in total confusion and heartbreak. With her brother in France, Hamlet rejecting their relationship, Aphelia finds out ere father has been killed by Hamlet. She in a sense, is left â€Å"alone,† and cannot handle herself, without the direction of her father , brother and Hamlet.At this point its clear, Aphelia has gone totally mad, Speaking very little, and if anything it is about her deceased father in chants and song. Now with the males in her life are gone, she has served her purpose i n the story. She starts going down a downward spiral and shortly thereafter, she commits suicide, or at least it was implied that she did, by drowning. In conclusion, although a small, seemingly insignificant character, Aphelia, not only provides the reader to the philanthropic ideals and patriarchal attitudes towards women.But also serves to be somewhat like a mirror to the audience, one by one, â€Å"reflecting† the characters true self/intentions. Maybe being her ONLY purpose in the story to unveil her co-characters motive and who they really are in general. Polonium, her father, uses his daughter as some sort for property, for political gain and interest. Her brother, Alerter, again uses her for political reasons, somewhat, and to protect his name, uses her for the sake of his pride, and introduces sex, as Hamlets true goal with Aphelia.Then Hamlet himself, takes her on a reallocates of love/hate and confusion, labeling her as untrustworthy and corrupt, he destroys her em otional being, rendering her completely helpless and incompetent to handle life on her own. This view was the norm at the time, that many men saw as being true, that a woman will be nothing without a man but also fail to realize that without women men would hardly be anything as well, they need women, as shown in the play, to succeed in their own personal goals, whether financial, political or other. [1180]

Lord Of The Flies How Does Golding Present Contrast

We are told Piggy is â€Å"very fat†, much fatter than Ralph and as ‘the naked crooks of his knees were plump† we also know piggy as to wear glasses, and is asthmatic we imagine Piggy to be the complete opposite of Ralph who appears to be healthy and an athletic child as we know he can swim. We see Ralph is very confident and relaxed as â€Å"he stood their naked† and we are told that as he is twelve he must have â€Å"lost the prominent tummy of childhood† leading us further into believing he has the contrasting physique to Piggy.Ralph and Piggy both take very different approaches to being marooned on the island. Ralph sees mainly the possible bonuses of the marooning, mainly the lack of adult supervision and the freedom he'll have unlimited access to. However the approach taken by Piggy is the more sensible choice to take. Out of the pair, Piggy realizes the potential for danger and consequences the boys will face.Ralph and piggy had very different upbringings as Ralph came from a military background and a higher class background than Piggy, Piggy lived with his aunt who had a sweet shop, we see he is from a lower class by the dialect he speaks in saying â€Å"l can't hardly move with all these creeper things†. Piggy differs from the other boys as he is a caring character, he takes responsibility for the â€Å"little-nuns† and despite the act that both his parents are deceased, Piggy acts most like a parent, Piggy shows the most kindness even though he is shown none.

Wasted life in Dockery and son

Wasted life in Dockers and son BY Molls;Walls There is a quote by Helen Keller which states: â€Å"When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has been opened for us. † I feel that this epitomizes what Larkin was portraying in the poem ‘Dockers and Son'; a feeling of regret and a wondering of what the ‘other door' might hold. It could be seen that the older door of happiness is Larrikin youth: a time of freedom, when they could be ‘unembarrassed' and live without responsibilities; unlike the duties that Larkin portrays parents as having InAfternoons : â€Å"†¦ An estate of washing†¦ † The fact that he Is looking at this old door so long represents how others' lives have progressed, such as Dockers, who has had a child; whilst Larkin has remained free and childish – an â€Å"unhindered moon†¦ † We see the reference to the doors themselves In Dockers and Son when he â€Å"†¦ Tried the door where [he] used to live/locked†¦ † The enjambment here emphasizes the fact that the door Is Inaccessible to Larkin, suggesting he realizes that he cannot change his past. The metaphor of the train is used throughout; â€Å"l catch my train† to symbolism his life, ND the track that he is on.The sound of train tracks is rather monotonous, suggesting that Larrikin own life is restricted by a routine which is the same as when he was a child and at school. (It is interesting that he is restricted by routine, something he always criticized parents for being. ) The locked is also on a separate stanza to make it feel final ; as if Larkin has set a path for his life to follow till the end, there is a sense of finality in it. The reader can understand that Larkin has a moment where he regrets how little he has achieved when he refers to â€Å"The Lawn spreads glazing wide†¦ The lawn perhaps is symbolic of lots of pe ople, as if each blade of grass is a separate identity, and together they are resplendent (IEEE. He is stunned at the achievement of others. Achievements of blades deriving from the dazzling', also carrying symbolism of fame and a spark. ) The fact that Larkin is ‘ignored' shows that he has continued on his path, without achieving anything of note, and thus feels that he has wasted his life. Larkin continues this idea of a wasted life in ‘The Kiddies'. In the poem, the death of the pet – something most children experience – teaches them bout death and the fragility of life.It is interesting that the children accept this death unaffectedly, yet in ‘Dockers and Son' Larkin dwells on the wasted life of â€Å"†¦ Cartridge, who was killed†¦ † Suggesting that the children are yet unaware of the potential that life has (as they themselves are but â€Å"unripe acorns†); whilst Larkin Is all too The reader can understand that Larkin has a moment where he regrets how little he has achieved when he refers to â€Å"The Lawn spreads dazzling wide†¦ † The lawn perhaps Is symbolic of lots of people, as If each blade of grass Is a separate Identity, ND together they are resplendent (be. E Is stunned at the achievement of others. Achievements of blades deriving from the ‘dazzling', also carrying symbolism of fame and a spark. ) The fact that Larkin Is ‘Ignored' shows that he has continued on his path, without achieving anything of note, and thus feels that he has wasted his life. Of how he could have wasted life in having â€Å"†¦ No son, no wife, no house†¦. â€Å". The repetition of ;no' emphasizes all that Liking lacks, as opposed to what he has, supporting the idea that he feels he has achieved little. The Kiddies†s epigrammatic evolve†, creates a satirical theme; as if the rapid purchase of the pet for the children as a pacifier, has led the mother to overlook the signi ficance that the pet is a microcosm of the children's future lives and the death they will witness. This looks at the mother in a patronizing way, suggesting she is unobservant for not realizing this; supported by Larrikin view of women as ‘unskilled' drains in Afternoons. In ‘Self's the Man', Larkin also devalues women by stating â€Å"†¦ Married a woman†¦ † Suggesting that to be female is to be a figure for the use of men, as opposed to an individual.Therefore the reader can gather that Larkin does not feel that he has wasted life in having ‘†¦ No wife†¦ ‘ as Dockers insinuates. The animals in ‘The Kiddies' themselves could also be a metaphor for family life itself. In Larrikin other poems like ‘Afternoons' and ‘Self's the Man' he explores how families restrict an individual, trapping them like caged animals into lives of routine: â€Å"something is pushing them to the sides of their own lives†¦ † The ‘something' we presume to be children, unnamed as society is reluctant to admit they are a burden.Paradoxically, it is obvious that the freedom of other animals, with â€Å"†¦ Dark†¦ Dam†¦ Earth and grass† is similar to the freedom Larkin expresses as a single man in ‘Self's the Man: † ‘ †¦ I'm the better man†¦ † Emphasizing the pessimistic view he has on family life. The imperatives used by the children ‘†¦ Get us†¦ ‘ shows how the parents become puppets for their children and are restricted, something that Larkin in Dockers and Son describes as a ‘habit' which takes over their life: â€Å"hardening into all we've got†¦ † Implying the Larkin believes now that he has not wasted his life, but rather saved it.

Sony-Ericsson Case

The reasons for this are of course numerous. One of the reasons was that both companies only had a minor market share, Ericson 10% and Sony 1,5% of the world market, whereas as the leader Nooks had 30,6%. This giving Nooks a huge advantage in existing customers as well as strong brand awareness. Another main reason for the fusion of both the mobile departments of the company was that both had problems in managing their departments. Sony had so many different sectors it was in that mobile was Just one more and was ;t paid enough attention.Ericson had the technology to be a leader, but they were always criticized for only being a group of engineers, developing good products, but not paying as much attention to customers desires as Nooks did. Therefore being significantly less successful than their Finnish rival. Both companies needed to restructure their efforts in the mobile development and that Is why it made sense for them both to start this partnership. Ericson would provide people and their expertise In telecommunications and Sony it ‘s expertise In consumer electronics products as well as $500 million.Both were able to cut costs significantly and still able to become a global player on this prosperous market In the future. 2) What was needed to succeed in this market? The main attributes that were needed to succeed in the market was the knowledge to develop in the direction of the technology that would be used in the future, as well as knowing and offering your customers what they were looking for. In fact one can say that Nooks did everything one needed to do to succeed. They listen to what their clients where looking/expecting from their mobile phones, and built a product portfolio accordingly.Due to this approach they were able to offer a specific product to every customer profile they had. Concerning technology they also did good work being the clear leaders In the 26 markets, which gave them a age head start. The management also did an excellent work, having a better-cost extra effort on not becoming a huge corporation with 100,000 employees, staying rather small gave them the advantage that decision could be taken quickly and that changes and adoptions to the products were able to be done immediately. ) Compare Ionians and Sony Ericson Mobile Communication's situations (activities, competences, finances) SEEM had a clear goal, which was to become the global number one player for multimedia products. This was supposed to be achieved by combining their forces in R&D, marketing, sales, distribution and customer services. The Joint force should give them the resources to overcome their seemingly untouchable competitor Nooks. The soft activities they were planning and adapting were: being responsive to the market, analyzing the behavior of the consumers and of their competitors.Nooks on the other hand wanted to keep their activities in the mobile sector at the same high level they had been over the sass's, strengthening their p osition in the market today and constantly investing in R. Even increasing the percentage of net sales being reinvested to R, which were around 8,9% in the late sass's, the goal being to maintain the strong market position for the 36 generation phones. From a financial point of view, we can only compare the individual financial statements of Ericson, Sony and Nooks from the appendix of the case.In a first look at the data available we can deduct that the financial situation of Nooks is clearly the most advantageous one. To be able to analyses financial statements that are comparable, I will only look at the ones of Nooks and Ericson. The Sony Corporation has so many different activities going on that from this financial statement I can't detect which revenues are from the mobile industry. The only observations I would like to mention about the company is that their revenue has been increasing over the years, but net income has been decreasing.This showing that in the core business w e are talking about Nooks has made the biggest step by increasing net sales in this sector by offer having a 80% growth per year between 1998 and 2000. These numbers are also reflected in the market share Nooks has on the world mobile market. 4) What are the potential risks for this alliance? The risks for this alliance are of course numerous. First of all Sony Ericson has to find a proper way to communicate to the public/customers why they have merged heir mobile departments and explain what profits this results in for them in the tend to which to other brands.This is the main risk, that they have to manage, which has to be dealt with proper attention and experienced marketing experts, so that a clear message is sent out to the public and current/future customers. Another potential risk is the management that consists of managers from both Ericson and Sony. It provides conflict potential when two corporate cultures clash. Managers from both sides are used to doing business their wa y but now they have to adapt to the managing methods of one another.This might make it difficult to find a common strategy, with which they want to market their brand. The responsibilities and decision fields have to be clearly defined to avoid these kinds of occurrences as good as possible. A further threat would be that both sides could quickly get frustrated if results are not as good or worse than expected. This could lead to one accusing the other of bad management, insufficient research and so on, resulting in a bad atmosphere in the company. This would further complicate the merger and might even lead to the decision to go separate ways again.

Value Added Tax in European countries Research Paper

Value Added Tax in European countries - Research Paper Example It was evident that if there was ever going to be an efficient single market in Europe, a neutral and transparent turnover tax system was required which ensured tax neutrality and allowed the exact amount of tax to be rebated at the point of export. This created tax is known as Value Added Tax (VAT). Drawing reference to Economy Watch (2011), it described Value Added Tax (VAT) as being a special type of indirect tax in which a sum of money is levied at a particular stage in the sale of a product or service. Initiated for the first time April 10, 1954 in France by Maurice Laure; the joint director of tax authority, the VAT is designed to eliminate any problems which may be caused by double taxations. The VAT is intended to be charged whenever there is some added value to raw materials. The taxpayers on the other hand, will get credit for the amount of tax paid off at the stages of procurement. For further clarification, the European Commission Taxation and Customs Union declares a tax able person as any individual, partnership, company or whatever which supplies the taxable goods and services in the course of business. However, if the annual turnover of this person is less than a certain limit (the threshold), which differs according to the member State, the person does not have to charge VAT on their sales. The VAT due on any sale is a percentage of the sale price but from this the taxable person is entitled to deduct all the tax already paid at the preceding stage. As such, double taxation is avoided and tax is paid only on the value added at each stage of production and distribution. In this way, as the final price of the product is equal to the sum of the values added at each preceding stage, the final VAT paid is made up of the sum of the VAT paid at each stage. The value added tax system deals with these problems quite efficiently. As VAT is imposed on value addition - at every single stage - there is no incidence of cascading. In this way, the final consum ers bear the burden of paying value added tax. This system involves absolute transparency at every stage of taxation, thereby making the tax system quite comprehensible and simple (Economywatch.com) For the purpose of exports between community and non-member countries, no VAT is charged on the transaction and the VAT is already charged on the transaction and the VAT already paid on the inputs of the goods for export is deducted – this is an exemption with the right to deduct the input VAT, also called ‘zero-rating’. That means there is no residual VAT contained in the export price. However, as far as imports are concerned, VAT must be paid at the moment the goods are imported so they are immediately placed on the same footing as equivalent goods produced in the community. Taxable people registered for VAT will be able deduct this VAT on their next VAT return. The system has proven to be effective in avoiding problems caused by double taxation of goods and service s and also problems with the conventional sales tax. Compared to the VAT, the Sales tax does not provide for input tax credit, which means that the consumer may pay tax on an input that has already been previously taxed. This scenario should be better able to explain the VAT system in Europe. This scenario will take a rate of 10% 1. The Manufacturer pays $1.10 for raw materials.

The Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East Essay

The Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amongst these were associates of the Palestinian government, as well as Yaseer Arafat himself, presenting their pity to the Engineer’s relatives. The Israeli officers were in touch with the Palestinian government bureaucrats, earlier to the assault and they in fact talked to one another regarding whether or not to go further on with this intended murder. Enderlin writes that Shimon Peres and his consultants thought that it would be excessively dangerous from a political point of view to miss the act, since if Ayyash were capable to accomplish the suicide bombing earlier than the future elections the opponent leader, would be proficient to articulate that they did not do something when they had the opportunity.  Ayyash murder was the start of a series of proceedings that would eventually direct to the conclusion of the Oslo agreements. Next to the huge interment, Hamas hit back in a sequence of vicious suicide bombings in Jerusalem. Under the situation, i t made logic for the Israeli community to choose Benyamin Netanyahu who assured the safety that they so desired. This is right. Right away next to Rabin’s murder, the Left in Israel was very sturdy and the suicide bombings did harm them at the ballots. Though, it was not an exact bombing only that directs to Peres overwhelm. One of the most amazing and disastrous features about Enderlin’s story is just how slam Barak and Arafat’s cooperation groups had come to fundamentally finalize an contracts.... Eventually, Enderlin writes that Shimon Peres and his consultants thought that it would be excessively dangerous from a political point of view to miss the act, since if Ayyash were capable to accomplish the suicide bombing earlier than the future elections, Benyamin Netanyahu, the opponent leader, would be proficient to articulate that they did not do something when they had the opportunity. Ayyash murder was the start of a series of proceedings that would eventually direct to the conclusion of the Oslo agreements. Next to the huge interment, Hamas hit back in a sequence of vicious suicide bombings in Jerusalem. Under the situation, it made logic for the Israeli community to choose Benyamin Netanyahu who assured the safety that they so desired. This is, in some way, right. Right away next to Rabin's murder, the Left in Israel was very sturdy and the suicide bombings did harm them at the ballots. Though, it was not an exact bombing only that directs to Peres overwhelm. The whole Arab-Israeli society, who would have with no hesitation chosen Peres, boycotted the elections in dispute of the horrifying disaster at Kfar Kana, where approximately 100 Lebanese inhabitants passed away owing to the disgusting carelessness of the Israeli armed forces.One of the most amazing and disastrous features about Enderlin's story is just how slam Barak and Arafat's cooperation groups had c ome to fundamentally finalize an contracts. Shattered Dreams the Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East by Charles Enderlin 3 All of the things were in its place, President Clinton, who was on his way away of workplace,

Development and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Development and Diversity - Essay Example According to Watson’s Behaviorism, behaviors can be measured, trained and changed. John B. Watson claims, â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any specialist I might select†¦doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.† This idea of behaviorism was advanced further through the publication of Watson’s classic paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It (1913). Miller (1983) adds that behaviorism, or behavioral psychology is based on the argument that all behavior is acquired through conditioning which takes place through contact and interaction with the environment, and therefore, it is the responses to our environmental conditions that shape our behavior. Behavior is considered in a systematic and observable manner with no weight on internal mental states such as mood and emotions which are argued to be purely subjective. It takes only conditioning for any person to be trained to perform any function completely independent of things such as genetic background, personality or thoughts. There are two main types of conditioning in behaviorism. The first type is the classical conditioning which is a method of conditioning in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response then a previously neutral stimulus paired with a naturally occurring stimulus. It is seen that, in the end, the previously neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) elicits the response (conditioned response) in the absence of naturally occurring stimulus. The second type of conditioning called the operant conditioning or the instrumental conditioning takes place via rewards and punishments for behavior and therefore a relationship is drawn between a behavior and a consequence for that particular behavior. As

Answer 6 guiding questions by reading 2 readings Essay

Answer 6 guiding questions by reading 2 readings - Essay Example Moreover, border policing has established considerations as people themselves entail in a single tribe. Consequently, some of the changes in the border policing that have led to reservation at Tohono Oodham include tribal officials resolving in continuation of the provision of shuttle rides north for Mexican members that needed medical treatment in the Arizona reservation. Many view the border patrol as an occupying force because cultural sensitivity training for the border agents not to offend law-abiding tribal members, developed reservation that felt hostility toward the border patrol. Border patrol helicopters fly above to help agents based on the ground and trace groups dropped by cattle trucks. The activities above view border patrol as an occupying force (Ellingwood 124). Pulido argues that accepting â€Å"white privilege† is essential for understanding the spatiality of environmental racism because scholarships on environmental racism can be strengthened and assists in shaping various forms of racism (Pulido 55). Pulido argues that standard ways of understanding environmental racism as questions of "sitting, intentionality, and scale† take â€Å"racism and space as discrete objects, rather than social relation, for her this is a problem since environmental racism is the result of millions of individual choices that reflect specific racial formations (Pulido 335). Pulido, Laura. â€Å"Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege And Urban Development In Southern California,† In J. Giesking And W. Mangold (Eds.), The People, Place, And Space Reader, New York: Routledge.2014. pp.

Adapting Curriculum for Multicultural Classrooms Coursework - 1

Adapting Curriculum for Multicultural Classrooms - Coursework Example As the report declares it is very difficult for some to adapt to the American mainstream curriculum due to their diversity. Consequently, the current curriculum has very little aspects of diversity. It mostly suits the dominant group that is mainly the students of American origin, especially those who grew in uptown cities. Therefore, it is very difficult for the other students to identify with the American culture and thus learning is hindered. For example, students from Vietnam have very different passive learning patterns in relation to their American counterparts. Subsequently, teachers and other students don’t understand this and therefore view the Vietnamese as dump and stupid. The traditional curriculum also views Israeli students to be rude and obnoxious because they have a culture of openly criticizing a teacher when they feel like he is saying something wrong. These cultural aspects are affecting learning of the students. The teachers too have a hard way since they u se the same teaching approach to such a different and diversified group. As such, it is necessary to address cultural diversity so as to create a balance and address the learning needs of all the students. This discussion emphases that the plan to adapt the curriculum to include all students and families was developed to counter the problem of diversity. The traditional curriculum will be altered to even include subject content to include a multi-culture content.